Unveiling the Influence of Gender Roles in Children's Sexual Education
Abstract
This study highlights the importance of a deep understanding of gender as a key foundation in understanding identity, sexual rights, and the dynamics of healthy interpersonal relationships. Through library research, this study summarizes, evaluates, and integrates previous findings to gain a comprehensive understanding. The results of the study confirmed that sexual education approaches that consider gender roles are able to overcome stereotypes and promote gender equality. Effective sexual education not only expands knowledge but also has a substantial impact on the health and well-being of children. It includes a deeper understanding of sexual health, the ability to make wise decisions in interpersonal relationships, and support for mental health. In addition, the important role of teachers and parents in providing sexual education cannot be underestimated. Teachers help deliver inclusive and accurate sexual education, while parents have a significant role to play in facilitating open communication in the home environment. The involvement of both has a central role in forming a solid foundation for better understanding and a more holistic approach to continuing sexual education.
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References
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Grose, R. G., Grabe, S., & Kohfeldt, D. (2014). Sexual education, gender ideology, and youth sexual empowerment. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(7), 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.809511
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Lee, J. J., Kantor, L. M., Levine, D. S., Baum, S., & Johnsen, J. (2015). Potential for using online and mobile education with parents and adolescents to impact sexual and reproductive health. Prevention Science, 16, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0469-z
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Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15–S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
Hall, W. J., Jones, B. L. H., Witkemper, K. D., Collins, T. L., & Rodgers, G. K. (2019). State policy on school-based sex education: a content analysis focused on sexual behaviors, relationships, and identities. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(3), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.3.6
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Karimullah, S. S. (2022). Reinterpretation of Women’s Position in Islam Throught Ta’wil KH. Husein Muhammad. Arjis.
Karimullah, S. S. (2023). Pendekatan Multidisipliner dalam Studi Islam. Al Qalam Media Lestari.
Karimullah, S. S., Nugraha, A. R., Nisa, I. S., & Andini, Y. (2023). The relevance of feminism in promoting gender reform in the context of progressive Islam. Jurnal Anifa: Studi Gender Dan Anak, 4(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.32505/anifa.v4i2.7187
Kollmayer, M., Schultes, M.-T., Schober, B., Hodosi, T., & Spiel, C. (2018). Parents’ judgments about the desirability of toys for their children: Associations with gender role attitudes, gender-typing of toys, and demographics. Sex Roles, 79, 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0882-4
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Schalet, A. T., Santelli, J. S., Russell, S. T., Halpern, C. T., Miller, S. A., Pickering, S. S., Goldberg, S. K., & Hoenig, J. M. (2014). Invited commentary: Broadening the evidence for adolescent sexual and reproductive health and education in the United States. In Journal of youth and adolescence (Vol. 43, pp. 1595–1610). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8
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Starrs, A. M., Ezeh, A. C., Barker, G., Basu, A., Bertrand, J. T., Blum, R., Coll-Seck, A. M., Grover, A., Laski, L., & Roa, M. (2018). Accelerate progress—sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 391(10140), 2642–2692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30293-9
Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Katuzny, K., Finn, S., Duncan, L., Sevelius, J., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., & Hunt, C. (2020). What sexual and gender minority people want researchers to know about sexual orientation and gender identity questions: a qualitative study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 2301–2318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y
Sugitanata, A., & Karimullah, S. S. (2023). Implementasi Hukum Keluarga Islam pada Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia Mengenai Hak Memilih Pasangan bagi Perempuan. SETARA: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Anak, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.32332/jsga.v5i01.6536
Suleman, F., Arifuddin, Q., Saifudin, S., Khasanah, F., & Karimullah, S. S. (2023). The Review of the Maslahah Mursalah Related to Early Marriage: Implementation and Orientation. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 23(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.3.3783
Teelken, C., & Deem, R. (2013). All are equal, but some are more equal than others: Managerialism and gender equality in higher education in comparative perspective. Comparative Education, 49(4), 520–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2013.807642
Trent, M., Dooley, D. G., Dougé, J., Cavanaugh, R. M., Lacroix, A. E., Fanburg, J., Rahmandar, M. H., Hornberger, L. L., Schneider, M. B., & Yen, S. (2019). The impact of racism on child and adolescent health. Pediatrics, 144(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1765
Wingrave, M. (2018). Perceptions of gender in early years. Gender and Education, 30(5), 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1258457
Wood, L., & Rolleri, L. A. (2014). Designing an effective sexuality education curriculum for schools: Lessons gleaned from the South (ern) African literature. Sex Education, 14(5), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2014.918540
Woolweaver, A. B., Drescher, A., Medina, C., & Espelage, D. L. (2023). Leveraging Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Tool for Knowledge, Equity, and Inclusion. Journal of School Health, 93(4), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13276
Yazid, A., Karimullah, S. S., & Sugitanata, A. (2023). Comparative Study On Childfree Marriage In Some Selected Countries. Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum Dan Filantropi, 5(2), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.22515/jurnalalhakim.v5i2.7869
Braeken, D., & Cardinal, M. (2008). Comprehensive sexuality education as a means of promoting sexual health. International Journal of Sexual Health, 20(1–2), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317610802157051
de Heer, B., Brown, M., & Cheney, J. (2021). Sexual consent and communication among the sexual minoritized: The role of heteronormative sex education, trauma, and dual identities. Feminist Criminology, 16(5), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211034560
Eleuteri, S., Saladino, V., & Verrastro, V. (2017). Identity, relationships, sexuality, and risky behaviors of adolescents in the context of social media. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 32(3–4), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1397953
Elia, J. P., & Eliason, M. J. (2010). Dangerous omissions: Abstinence-only-until-marriage school-based sexuality education and the betrayal of LGBTQ youth. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 5(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546121003748848
Garcia, L., & Fields, J. (2017). Renewed commitments in a time of vigilance: Sexuality education in the USA. Sex Education, 17(4), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2017.1285387
Grose, R. G., Grabe, S., & Kohfeldt, D. (2014). Sexual education, gender ideology, and youth sexual empowerment. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(7), 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.809511
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Lee, J. J., Kantor, L. M., Levine, D. S., Baum, S., & Johnsen, J. (2015). Potential for using online and mobile education with parents and adolescents to impact sexual and reproductive health. Prevention Science, 16, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0469-z
Haberland, N. A. (2015). The case for addressing gender and power in sexuality and HIV education: a comprehensive review of evaluation studies. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1363/4103115
Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15–S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
Hall, W. J., Jones, B. L. H., Witkemper, K. D., Collins, T. L., & Rodgers, G. K. (2019). State policy on school-based sex education: a content analysis focused on sexual behaviors, relationships, and identities. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(3), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.3.6
Jeffrey, N. K. (2022). Is consent enough? What the research on normative heterosexuality and sexual violence tells us. Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607221096760
Karimullah, S. S. (2022). Reinterpretation of Women’s Position in Islam Throught Ta’wil KH. Husein Muhammad. Arjis.
Karimullah, S. S. (2023). Pendekatan Multidisipliner dalam Studi Islam. Al Qalam Media Lestari.
Karimullah, S. S., Nugraha, A. R., Nisa, I. S., & Andini, Y. (2023). The relevance of feminism in promoting gender reform in the context of progressive Islam. Jurnal Anifa: Studi Gender Dan Anak, 4(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.32505/anifa.v4i2.7187
Kollmayer, M., Schultes, M.-T., Schober, B., Hodosi, T., & Spiel, C. (2018). Parents’ judgments about the desirability of toys for their children: Associations with gender role attitudes, gender-typing of toys, and demographics. Sex Roles, 79, 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0882-4
Mark, K., Corona-Vargas, E., & Cruz, M. (2021). Integrating sexual pleasure for quality & inclusive comprehensive sexuality education. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33(4), 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1921894
Mukoro, J. (2021). The representation of gender in England’s sexuality education policy. Sexuality, Gender & Policy, 4(2), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1002/sgp2.12032
Rowe, D. A., Sinclair, J., Hirano, K., & Barbour, J. (2018). Let’s talk about sex… education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 13(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2018.1457462
Schalet, A. T., Santelli, J. S., Russell, S. T., Halpern, C. T., Miller, S. A., Pickering, S. S., Goldberg, S. K., & Hoenig, J. M. (2014). Invited commentary: Broadening the evidence for adolescent sexual and reproductive health and education in the United States. In Journal of youth and adolescence (Vol. 43, pp. 1595–1610). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8
Shannon, B., & Smith, S. J. (2015). ‘A lot more to learn than where babies come from’: Controversy, Language and Agenda Setting in the Framing of School-Based Sexuality Education Curricula in Australia. Sex Education, 15(6), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1055721
Starrs, A. M., Ezeh, A. C., Barker, G., Basu, A., Bertrand, J. T., Blum, R., Coll-Seck, A. M., Grover, A., Laski, L., & Roa, M. (2018). Accelerate progress—sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 391(10140), 2642–2692. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30293-9
Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Katuzny, K., Finn, S., Duncan, L., Sevelius, J., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., & Hunt, C. (2020). What sexual and gender minority people want researchers to know about sexual orientation and gender identity questions: a qualitative study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 2301–2318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y
Sugitanata, A., & Karimullah, S. S. (2023). Implementasi Hukum Keluarga Islam pada Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia Mengenai Hak Memilih Pasangan bagi Perempuan. SETARA: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Anak, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.32332/jsga.v5i01.6536
Suleman, F., Arifuddin, Q., Saifudin, S., Khasanah, F., & Karimullah, S. S. (2023). The Review of the Maslahah Mursalah Related to Early Marriage: Implementation and Orientation. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 23(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.3.3783
Teelken, C., & Deem, R. (2013). All are equal, but some are more equal than others: Managerialism and gender equality in higher education in comparative perspective. Comparative Education, 49(4), 520–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2013.807642
Trent, M., Dooley, D. G., Dougé, J., Cavanaugh, R. M., Lacroix, A. E., Fanburg, J., Rahmandar, M. H., Hornberger, L. L., Schneider, M. B., & Yen, S. (2019). The impact of racism on child and adolescent health. Pediatrics, 144(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1765
Wingrave, M. (2018). Perceptions of gender in early years. Gender and Education, 30(5), 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1258457
Wood, L., & Rolleri, L. A. (2014). Designing an effective sexuality education curriculum for schools: Lessons gleaned from the South (ern) African literature. Sex Education, 14(5), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2014.918540
Woolweaver, A. B., Drescher, A., Medina, C., & Espelage, D. L. (2023). Leveraging Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Tool for Knowledge, Equity, and Inclusion. Journal of School Health, 93(4), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13276
Yazid, A., Karimullah, S. S., & Sugitanata, A. (2023). Comparative Study On Childfree Marriage In Some Selected Countries. Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum Dan Filantropi, 5(2), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.22515/jurnalalhakim.v5i2.7869
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