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Submitted
January 10, 2025
Accepted
March 11, 2025
Published
March 11, 2025
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Abstract

Purpose – This study aimed to analyze how Islamic legal maxims are implemented in the banking sectors of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, with comparative insights from Indonesia and Malaysia


Method – Using a qualitative comparative approach, this research examined fatwas, regulatory frameworks, and governance structures to assess the operationalization of key legal maxims such as al-umūr bi-maqāṣidihā (matters are judged by their objectives) and al-ḍarar yuzāl (there should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm)..


Findings – Five working maxims—al-umūr bi-maqāṣidihā (purpose matters), al-yaqīn lā yazūlu bi-shakk (certainty prevails), al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr (hardship begets facilitation), al-ḍarar yuzāl (harm must be removed), and al-ʿādah muḥakkamah (custom is authoritative)—explain cross-country variance. Saudi Arabia emphasizes textual rigor and documentary certainty, while Pakistan prioritizes contextual inclusion and adaptive tooling under the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. Indonesia and Malaysia show a middle path through centralized fatwa governance and fintech-ready regulation.


Practical implications – The study proposes a Q-ALIGN scorecard and a Maxim→Design→Control chain to translate fiqh maxims into auditable Shariah governance, consumer protection, and digital-era product controls, thereby advancing ḥifẓ al-māl and ḥifẓ al-ʿird, as well as the ESG governance agenda.


Originality/value – The paper links classical maxims to concrete product and control choices across jurisdictions, clarifying how legal pluralism can remain ethically rigorous yet operationally resilient in modern Islamic banking

Keywords

Qawa'id FiqhiyyahIslamic Legal MaximIslamic BankingFatwa

Article Details

How to Cite
suparman, S. K., & Hersi, M. (2025). Between Strict and Flexibilty: A Comparative Insight of Qawa’id al-Fiqhiyyah in Islamic Banking Practices of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. BANCO: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(2), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.35905/banco.v6i2.12799
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