Penerapan Kaidah Al-Ashlu Bara'atu Dzimmah dalam Akad Wakalah dan Kafalah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35905/sipakainge.vi1.9853Abstract
Kaidah Al-Ashlu Bara'atu Dzimmah (prinsip bahwa pada dasarnya seseorang terbebas dari tanggungan) memiliki penerapan signifikan dalam akad Wakalah dan Kafalah. Dalam konteks Wakalah (perwakilan), kaidah ini menegaskan bahwa wakil pada dasarnya tidak bertanggung jawab atas kerugian atau kerusakan yang terjadi selama ia bertindak sesuai dengan batas-batas yang diberikan dan dengan itikad baik, kecuali jika terbukti ada kelalaian atau pelanggaran. Sementara dalam Kafalah (penjaminan), kaidah ini menggarisbawahi bahwa kafil (penjamin) hanya bertanggung jawab atas kewajiban yang telah secara jelas disepakati dalam akad, dan tidak bisa diperluas melebihi kesepakatan tersebut. Penerapan kaidah ini dalam kedua akad tersebut memberikan kepastian hukum, melindungi hak-hak individu, mendorong kejujuran dan itikad baik, serta memfasilitasi penyelesaian sengketa dengan menetapkan dasar untuk menentukan beban pembuktian dan tanggung jawab. Namun, penerapannya harus tetap mempertimbangkan aspek keadilan dan maslahat, dengan kemungkinan pengecualian dalam kasus-kasus tertentu untuk mencegah kerugian yang tidak adil atau melindungi pihak yang lebih lemah.
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