Kontekstualisasi Maqashid Al-Syariah Terhadap Sanksi Pidana Bagi Pelaku Penjiplakan Desain Busana (Analisis Putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2020/PN Niaga Mks)
Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Desain Busana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35905/delictum.v3i1.15364Keywords:
• Hak Kekayaan Intelektual • Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah • Penjiplakan Desain Busana • Ta‘zīr • Keadilan Hukum Islam • Hifz al-Māl • Hukum Hak CiptaAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kontekstualisasi maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dalam pemberian sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku penjiplakan desain busana dengan menganalisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar Nomor: 1/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2020/PN Niaga Mks. Tiga permasalahan utama yang dikaji yaitu: (1) urgensi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) dalam kejahatan penjiplakan desain busana, (2) implementasi keadilan dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar tersebut, dan (3) kontekstualisasi maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah terhadap pelaku penjiplakan desain busana.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, HKI berfungsi sebagai landasan hukum yang kuat bagi desainer untuk memperoleh hak eksklusif atas karya cipta mereka; kedua, sanksi yang dijatuhkan majelis hakim masih kurang efektif karena hanya bersifat penghentian kegiatan tanpa memberikan efek jera yang signifikan; dan ketiga, dalam perspektif hukum Islam, putusan tersebut dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk ta‘zīr berupa teguran (taubīkh), yang sejalan dengan prinsip ḥifẓ al-māl (perlindungan harta) dalam maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Perlindungan terhadap desain busana tidak hanya memenuhi aspek hukum formal, tetapi juga mengandung nilai keadilan substantif dalam kerangka hukum Islam.
This research discusses the contextualization of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in imposing criminal sanctions on perpetrators of fashion design plagiarism, by analyzing the Decision of the Makassar District Court Number: 1/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2020/PN Niaga Mks. The study focuses on three main issues: (1) the urgency of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in fashion design plagiarism crimes, (2) the implementation of justice in the Makassar District Court decision, and (3) the contextualization of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in the case of design plagiarism.
The results show that: first, IPR acts as a solid legal foundation granting designers exclusive rights to their creations; second, the court’s sanction remains ineffective as it merely orders cessation of the act without deterrent effect; and third, from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, the ruling can be interpreted as a form of ta‘zīr punishment in the form of a reprimand (taubīkh), consistent with the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth) within Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. This approach indicates that legal protection of fashion design fulfills not only formal justice but also the substantive justice values of Islamic law.
References
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