Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Environmental degradation resulting from corporate and individual actions remains a persistent legal challenge in Indonesia. Despite the existence of regulatory frameworks such as Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (as amended), enforcement remains weak—particularly in corporate-related crimes, as exemplified by the H₂S gas leak incident in Mandailing Natal..
Purpose: This study investigates criminal liability for environmental crimes from the perspectives of Indonesian positive law and Islamic criminal law..
Methods: Using a normative legal research method supported by comparative and case approaches, the study examines legal texts, jurisprudence, and relevant Islamic legal doctrines within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.
Results: Findings suggest that while Indonesian law provides sufficient formal basis for corporate prosecution, its implementation lacks consistency. In contrast, Islamic criminal law, through ta‘zīr principles, offers a moral-ethical framework emphasizing justice, deterrence, and ecological responsibility.
Implication: The study highlights the urgency of integrating ethical-legal principles from Islamic jurisprudence into the existing legal system to ensure more equitable environmental justice.
Originality: This paper’s novelty lies in its contextual application of maqāṣid-based reasoning to corporate environmental crimes
Keywords
Article Details
References
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References
Ali, M. (2020). Hukum Pidana Lingkungan. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Ashour, A. J., & Wahab, H. A. (2016). Criminal Liability of Corporate Bodies for Polluting the Environment: Sharia and Law Perspectives. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 2(9), 222–227.
Asy-Syatibi, I. (2000). Al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Syari‘ah. Dar Ibn ‘Affan.
Dewata, M. F. N., & Achmad, Y. (2020). Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif & Empiris. Pustaka Pelajar.
Down to Earth. (2005). Buyat Bay: The Struggle for Justice Continues. https://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/
Erwin, M. (2019). Hukum Lingkungan Sistem Kebijaksanaan Lingkungan Hidup (Edisi Revisi). Refika Aditama.
Faisal. (2021). Hukum Pidana dalam Dinamika Asas, Teori, dan Pendapat Ahli Pidana (Toni, Ed.). Kencana.
Haq, I. (2020). Fiqh Jinayah. IAIAN Parepare Nusantara Press.
Hermanto, A. (2021). Fikih Ekologi. Literasi Nusantara Abadi.
Hydrogen Sulfide - Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2025, from https://www.osha.gov/hydrogen-sulfide
Irfan, N., & Masyrofah. (2016). Fiqih Jinayah. In Amzah (Vol. 5, Issue 1).
Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan, Menolak Lupa terhadap Kejahatan Korporasi | WALHI. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2025, from https://www.walhi.or.id/kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-menolak-lupa-terhadap-kejahatan-korporasi
Kebocoran gas Sorik Marapi di Mandailing Natal kembali terulang - “Ini bukan lagi kelalaian sistem, tapi kejahatan kemanusiaan.” (2024). BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c2l7wnjk2pqo
Khabib, M. (2023). Sanksi Pelaku Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup (Studi Komparatif Menurut UU No.32/2009 dan Fiqh Islam).
Kusuma, D. P. R. W., Yanuari, F. S., & Pratama, R. I. F. (2022). Urgensi Integrasi Biaya Pemulihan Lingkungan Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Sanksi Pidana Denda. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 8(2), 287–309. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v8i2.413
Marsaid. (2020). Al-Fiqh Al-Jinayah ( Hukum Pidana Islam ) Memahami Tindak Pidana Dalam Hukum Islam. In Rafah Press.
Muhaimin. (2020). Pemahaman Metode Penelitian Hukum. In Mataram University Press.
Nafisah, M. (2018). Alquran Dan Konservasi Lingkungan (Suatu Pendekatan Maqashid al-Shari’ah). AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v2i1.405
Nugroho Rahmat Muhajir & Agus Setiadi. (2018). Paradigma Keadilan Substantif dalam Perumusan Norma Baru (A. C, Ed.; Issue 1). CV. Global Press.
Nurdin. (2010). Kajian tentang Pencemaran Lingkungan dalam Fiqih Jinayah.
Perumpamaan Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar - Hidayatullah.com. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2025, from https://hidayatullah.com/kajian/hadits-harian/2016/01/02/86636/perumpamaan-amar-maruf-nahi-munkar.html
Putusan MA No. 1554 K/Pid.Sus/2015 (2015).
Sentoso, G. G. (2023). Problematika Pemenuhan Kepatuhan Hukum Pengelolaan Limbah B3 pada Industri Kabel Listrik (Studi Industri PT “X” di Kota Bandung) Problems In Hazardous Waste Management Law Compliance On Electric Wire Industry (Pt “X” Industry Study In Bandung). Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 8, Nomor 1, 53–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v8i1.241
Sood, M. (2019). Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
Statistik, D. K. S. (2025). Laporan Statistik Kriminal - 2024 - Report | Indonesia Data. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://indonesiadata.id/reports/laporan-statistik-kriminal---2024
Thoker, I. F. (2023). Environmental Ethics from the Perspective of Maqasid al-Shariah. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 10(8), 362–367.
(UNEP)., U. N. E. P. (2013). Citarum River: Case Study in Industrial Pollution.
UU No. 6 Tahun 2023. (2023, March). 2023. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/246523/uu-no-6-tahun-2023
Wahyuni, F. (2018). Hukum Pidana Islam Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Hukum Pidana Islam dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. PT Persada Utama.
Waluyo, B. (2011). Viktimologi Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. Sinar Grafika.
Wicaksono, R. A. (2024). Betahita | H2S Bocor Lagi, NGO: Setop Operasi Geothermal PT SMGP. BETAHITA.ID. https://betahita.id/news/detail/9940/h2s-bocor-lagi-ngo-setop-operasi-geothermal-pt-smgp.html?v=1708734169.
Widodo, W. (2023). Hukum Lingkungan. Damera Press.
Yafie, A. (2006). Merintis Fiqh Lingkungan Hidup. Yayasan Amanah.