Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The relationship between law, justice, and morality remains central in legal philosophy, yet much of the discourse remains normative and detached from real-world enforcement .
Purpose: This study aims to empirically examine how moral frameworks influence the practice of law enforcement, particularly within contexts shaped by Islamic jurisprudence and local socio-cultural norms..
Methods: The research draws on semi-structured interviews with law enforcement officers, analysis of court cases, and ethnographic observation in Indonesian legal settings .
Findings: Findings reveal that moral considerations rooted in religious values and communal ethics significantly shape interpretations and enforcement decisions, often mediating tensions between codified state law and local moral expectations. The evidence also shows that while positivist approaches dominate formal structures, natural law reasoning and socio-cultural ethics remain influential in practice.
Theoretical and Practical Implications: The study bridges philosophy of law with empirical socio-legal research, offering insights into how morality operates as a determinant in justice delivery and conflict resolution.
Originality/Novelty: This research contributes by integrating anthropological fiqh with legal philosophy, providing a culturally grounded and empirically validated framework for understanding morality in law enforcement
Article Details
References
- Abdul Rahman, N., & Yunus, N. K. (2024). A scientometric review of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah research (2010–2023): Trends, themes, and future directions. Frontiers in Sustainability, 5, 1365432. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2024.1365432
- Banwell-Moore, R. (2024). Restorative justice: Adopting a whole-system approach to meaningful change. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 24(6), 1035–1054. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005
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- Debbaut, S. (2023). Police legitimacy and culture revisited through the lens of self-legitimacy. Policing and Society, 33(10), 1128–1146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2183955
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- Hidayah, N. (2024). Women’s movements, Islamic discourse, and legal contestations in Aceh, Indonesia. Women’s Studies International Forum, 103, 102926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102926
- Hobson, J. (2022). Restorative justice, youth violence, and policing. Laws, 11(4), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062
- Kaplan-Damary, N., Jonathan-Zamir, T., Perry, G., & Itskovich, E. (2024). Public attitudes toward forensic evidence in Israel. International Annals of Criminology, 62(1), 226–245.
- Khalil, A., & Feener, R. M. (2020). Islamic courts and legal pluralism in contemporary Indonesia. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 52(3), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2020.1803863
- Lanni, A. (2021). Taking restorative justice seriously. Buffalo Law Review, 69(3), 635–703.
- Ledvinka, T. (2023). Reading legal ethnographies to re-map legal pluralism: A Pospisilian experiment. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 55(2), 145–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/27706869.2023.2213519
- Martin, R. (2021). The anatomy of police legitimacy: Dialogue, power and performativity. Theoretical Criminology, 25(5), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480619890605
- Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2019). Muslim women and the politics of interpretation. Religion & Gender, 9(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.18352/rg.10280
- Moll, Y. (2023). Can there be a godly ethnography? American Anthropologist, 125(4), 1036–1048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.14080
- O’Brien, T. C., Tyler, T. R., & Meares, T. L. (2020). Rebuilding trust between police and communities through procedural justice and reconciliation. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(3), 35–50.
- Pavlacic, J. M., et al. (2021). Advocating for the use of restorative justice practices. Health Equity, 5(1), 442–450. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0113
- Peyton, K., Sierra-Arévalo, M., & Rand, D. G. (2019). A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(40), 19894–19898. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910157116
- Ramstedt, M. (2025). Epistemological decolonization of legal pluralism. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 15(2), 277–301. https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1427
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- Scholten, M., & Maguire, E. R. (2022). New frontiers in research on procedural justice and legitimacy in policing. Police Practice and Research, 23(5), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2021.1957842
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- Tyler, T. R. (2023). Legitimacy-based law and governance. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 19, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110722-074236
- Tyler, T. R. (2023). Legitimacy-based policing and the promotion of community vitality. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009308014
- Vicini, F. (2024). Anthropologies of the Islamic: A critique of Muslim ontologies in the anthropological enterprise. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 14(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/729918
- Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vovak, H., et al. (2022). Reforming the police through procedural justice training: A multicity randomized trial at crime hot spots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(14), e2118780119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118780119
- Wood, G., Tyler, T. R., & Papachristos, A. V. (2020). Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(18), 9815–9821. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920671117
- Woodward, M. R. (2025). Religious authority and legal pluralism in contemporary Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 56(1), 1–20.
- Yilmaz, I. (2019). Islamist populism and the law: Moral regulation and religious governance. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2070–2086. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1636373
- Yusuf, M., & Fakhruroji, M. (2020). Islamic da‘wa, social media, and the morality of public order in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 48(140), 112–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.1758655
- Zahnow, R., Mazerolle, L., & Pang, A. (2021). Do individual differences matter in the way people view police legitimacy? Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz066
References
Abdul Rahman, N., & Yunus, N. K. (2024). A scientometric review of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah research (2010–2023): Trends, themes, and future directions. Frontiers in Sustainability, 5, 1365432. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2024.1365432
Banwell-Moore, R. (2024). Restorative justice: Adopting a whole-system approach to meaningful change. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 24(6), 1035–1054. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005
Bottoms, A. E., & Tankebe, J. (2017). Police legitimacy and the authority of the state. Hart.
Debbaut, S. (2023). Police legitimacy and culture revisited through the lens of self-legitimacy. Policing and Society, 33(10), 1128–1146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2183955
Feener, R. M., & Cammack, M. E. (Eds.). (2018). Islamic law in contemporary Indonesia: Ideas and institutions. Harvard University Press.
Hidayah, N. (2024). Women’s movements, Islamic discourse, and legal contestations in Aceh, Indonesia. Women’s Studies International Forum, 103, 102926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102926
Hobson, J. (2022). Restorative justice, youth violence, and policing. Laws, 11(4), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062
Kaplan-Damary, N., Jonathan-Zamir, T., Perry, G., & Itskovich, E. (2024). Public attitudes toward forensic evidence in Israel. International Annals of Criminology, 62(1), 226–245.
Khalil, A., & Feener, R. M. (2020). Islamic courts and legal pluralism in contemporary Indonesia. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 52(3), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2020.1803863
Lanni, A. (2021). Taking restorative justice seriously. Buffalo Law Review, 69(3), 635–703.
Ledvinka, T. (2023). Reading legal ethnographies to re-map legal pluralism: A Pospisilian experiment. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 55(2), 145–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/27706869.2023.2213519
Martin, R. (2021). The anatomy of police legitimacy: Dialogue, power and performativity. Theoretical Criminology, 25(5), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480619890605
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2019). Muslim women and the politics of interpretation. Religion & Gender, 9(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.18352/rg.10280
Moll, Y. (2023). Can there be a godly ethnography? American Anthropologist, 125(4), 1036–1048. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.14080
O’Brien, T. C., Tyler, T. R., & Meares, T. L. (2020). Rebuilding trust between police and communities through procedural justice and reconciliation. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(3), 35–50.
Pavlacic, J. M., et al. (2021). Advocating for the use of restorative justice practices. Health Equity, 5(1), 442–450. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0113
Peyton, K., Sierra-Arévalo, M., & Rand, D. G. (2019). A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(40), 19894–19898. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910157116
Ramstedt, M. (2025). Epistemological decolonization of legal pluralism. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 15(2), 277–301. https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1427
Reisig, M. D., & Trinkner, R. (2024). Procedural justice and police legitimacy. Oxford University Press.
Scholten, M., & Maguire, E. R. (2022). New frontiers in research on procedural justice and legitimacy in policing. Police Practice and Research, 23(5), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2021.1957842
Sholikhin, M., & Qodir, Z. (2020). Sharia enforcement, morality politics, and public perceptions in Aceh. Studia Islamika, 27(3), 459–488. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v27i3.11637
Siegel, D., & van Bruinessen, M. (Eds.). (2018). Regulating religion: Normative frameworks around religious practices in Indonesia. Leiden University Press.
Tyler, T. R. (2019). Procedural justice and policing. In B. Strelan (Ed.), Social psychology and justice (pp. 134–161). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003002291-7
Tyler, T. R. (2023). Legitimacy-based law and governance. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 19, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110722-074236
Tyler, T. R. (2023). Legitimacy-based policing and the promotion of community vitality. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009308014
Vicini, F. (2024). Anthropologies of the Islamic: A critique of Muslim ontologies in the anthropological enterprise. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 14(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/729918
Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vovak, H., et al. (2022). Reforming the police through procedural justice training: A multicity randomized trial at crime hot spots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(14), e2118780119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118780119
Wood, G., Tyler, T. R., & Papachristos, A. V. (2020). Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(18), 9815–9821. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920671117
Woodward, M. R. (2025). Religious authority and legal pluralism in contemporary Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 56(1), 1–20.
Yilmaz, I. (2019). Islamist populism and the law: Moral regulation and religious governance. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2070–2086. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1636373
Yusuf, M., & Fakhruroji, M. (2020). Islamic da‘wa, social media, and the morality of public order in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 48(140), 112–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.1758655
Zahnow, R., Mazerolle, L., & Pang, A. (2021). Do individual differences matter in the way people view police legitimacy? Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz066
