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August 21, 2023
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October 11, 2023
Published
October 11, 2023
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Abstract
The management of the Orphanage that does not obey the law results in the Orphanage being unable to meet the needs of food, drink, education, health and Safety. Meanwhile, the Orphanage is an action-oriented charity that doesn't just collect orphans and abandoned children. The problem of managing the Orphanage has become a worldwide concern because many research results have found that the Orphanage does not carry out child development activities and that the orphanage children experience criminal acts. This study aims to reveal orphanage managers' legal compliance in meeting the foster children's needs. This study uses a descriptive legal analysis method, field data sourced from empirical studies at a philanthropic institution, namely the Orphanage in Palopo, totalling eight institutions. Data analysis was carried out with a legal approach. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. The study found legal compliance in meeting the needs of facilities, food, education and health; security looks very good at orphanages managed by religious, community or boarding school-based organisations, while the lack of legal compliance in meeting the needs of orphanages that are managed at home or individually because only meet the needs of housing and food. The lack of legal compliance that occurs in home-based orphanages is due to a lack of management resources, including funds, lack of government participation in coaching and supervision.
Keywords
Legal CompliancephilanthropicOrphanageChildren's Needs
Article Details
How to Cite
Abdullah, M. R., Osman, Z., Fasiha, F., & Ridwan, M. S. (2023). Legal Compliance of Islamic Philanthropic Institutions in Fulfilment of Children’s Needs . DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 21(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v21i2.6490
References
- Abidin, Z. (2020). Islamic Philanthropy and Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis: The Socio-Economic Role of Nahdhatul Ulama. Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics, 5(1), 166–183. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v5n1.p166-183
Bachtiar. (2019). Penyusun : Metode Penelitian Hukum (1st ed.). UNPAM PRESS.
Bobyleva, I. (2015). Development of Social and Educational Support in Russian Institutions for Orphans. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 214(June), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.757
Bungin, M. B. (2011). Penelitian Kualitatif. Prenada Media Group.
CERPhi. (2015). An Overview of Philanthropy in India. In CERPhi (2015th ed., Issue April). L’Observatoire de la Fondation de France Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Philanthropie (CERPhi). https://efc.issuelab.org/resource/an-overview-of-philanthropy-in-europe.html
Chen, H., Liu, S., Liu, X., & Yang, D. (2021). Adversity Tries Friends: A Multilevel Analysis of Corporate Philanthropic Response to the Local Spread of COVID-19 in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04745-z
Christiani, T. A., & Kastowo, C. (2016). The Obligation Of Bank To Provide Customer Financial Information Due To Taxation: Violating Of Bank Secrecy? Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(3).
Doore, K. E. Van. (2020). Regulating Australia ’ s Participation in the Orphanage Industry. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300319894498
Fahrullah, A., Anwar, M. K., Ridlwan, A. A., Prabowo, P. S., & Yasin, A. (2020). How Ramadan and Global Pandemic Affect Religiosity and Donating Behaviors. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(2), 250. https://statik.unesa.ac.id/simia/uploads/file_artikel/file_artikel_6785611f-7cf5-4795-8912-8c712129205a.pdf
Finchum-Mason, E., Husted, K., & Suárez, D. (2020). Philanthropic Foundation Responses to COVID-19. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020966047
H.Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality. In Harper & Row,Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1037/12225-003
Harahab, Y. (2016). Kesadaran Hukum Umat Islam Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Untuk Membayar Zakat Melalui Amil Zakat. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 28(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15865
Hillis, S. D., Unwin, H. J. T., Chen, Y., Cluver, L., Sherr, L., Goldman, P. S., Ratmann, O., Donnelly, C. A., Bhatt, S., Villaveces, A., Butchart, A., Bachman, G., Rawlings, L., Green, P., Nelson, C. A., & Flaxman, S. (2021). Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study. The Lancet, 398(10298), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01253-8
Kanjanda, O. (2014). the African Orphans ’ Life : Yesterday and Today. European Scientific Journal, 7881(August), 332–345.
KEMENSOS RI NO : 77 / Huk / 2010, Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2010).
PERMESOS RI NO: 30 / HUK / 2011, (2011). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/130531/permensos-no-30-tahun-2011
Lendriyono, F., & Nurhaqim, S. A. (2016). Dilemmatic of Muhammadiyah Orphanage as Faith Based Organization In Malang, Indonesia. The Social Sciences, 11(23), 5791. https://doi.org/10.36478/sscience.2016.5791.5795
Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectiveness. International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, 14(1), 1–4. http://nationalforum.com/Electronic Journal Volumes/Lunenburg, Fred C Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectivenes IJSAID V14 N1 2012.pdf
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum (Juni). Mataram University Press.
Nkirote, D., & Mugambi, M. M. (2019). Factors Influencing Performance of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programmes in Kenya :A Case of Unbound Project in Tharaka Nithi County , Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(4), 377–406. http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajispm_v3_i4_377_406.pdf
OECD. (2020). Combatting COVID- 19 ’ s effect on children. In OECD (Issue Agustus). https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132643-m91j2scsyh&title=Combatting-COVID-19-s-effect-on-children&_ga=2.67033196.375087585.1630773713-1371399016.1630773713
Paarlberg, L. E., LePere-Schloop, M., Walk, M., Ai, J., & Ming, Y. (2020). Activating Community Resilience: The Emergence of COVID-19 Funds Across the United States. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020968155
Pourhanifeh, G. H., & Mazdeh, M. M. (2016). Identifying the critical success factors of organization with Analytic Hierarchy Process approach (case study - Iran Argham Company). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(4), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.06
Prasad, D. S., Pradhan, R. P., Gaurav, K., & Sabat, A. K. (2020). Critical Success Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.027
Punaks, M., & Lama, S. (2021). Orphanage Trafficking and Child Protection in Emergencies in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of the 2015 Earthquake and the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond, 8(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300320975547
Purwati, A. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum, Teori dan Praktek (1st ed.). CV. Jakad Media Publishing.
Pusat Bahasa. (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Departemen Pendiikan Nasional.
Rohmatin, S. (2020). Origin Pattern Care of Orphanage in Developing Children`s Social Skills. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v5i1.25911
Roy, S. (2021). Theory of Social Proof and Legal Compliance: A Socio-Cognitive Explanation for Regulatory (Non) Compliance. German Law Journal, 22(2), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.5
Sofiyatun Triastuti, Mulyadi, P. F. (2012). Peranan Panti Asuhan Dalam Pemberdayaan Anak Melalui Keterampilan Sablon. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 16(2), 120–133.
Takeuchi, N., Takeuchi, T., & Jung, Y. (2021). Making a successful transition to work: A fresh look at organizational support for young newcomers from an individual-driven career adjustment perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 128(June 2019), 103587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103587
The Faith To Action Initiative. (2014). Children, Orphanages, And Families: A Summary Of Research To Help Guide Faith-Based Action. In Young Children (Issue Maret).
Uasheva, A., Musabayeva, A., & Rakisheva, A. (2014). Influence Of Personal Factors To The Problem Of Social Orphanhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.407
UNICEF. (2020). COVID-19 and Children in Indonesia. In UNICEF (Issue 11 May). https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/reports/covid-19-and-children-in-indonesia
Young, O. R. (1979). Compliance and Public Authority: A Theory with International Applications. In Rff Press (Vol. 18, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002088177901800407
Yusoff, A., Sudin, A., Rahman, A., & Shapiin, M. N. (n.d.). A Study on the Possibility of Mosque Institution Running a Micro-Credit Programme Based on the Grameen Bank Group Lending Model : The Case of. 2, 190. https://prod.kau.edu.sa/Faculties/iei/RePEcSys/7con/Ahdath/Con06/_pdf/Vol2/38 Asry Yusoff A Study on the.pdf
References
Abidin, Z. (2020). Islamic Philanthropy and Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis: The Socio-Economic Role of Nahdhatul Ulama. Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics, 5(1), 166–183. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v5n1.p166-183
Bachtiar. (2019). Penyusun : Metode Penelitian Hukum (1st ed.). UNPAM PRESS.
Bobyleva, I. (2015). Development of Social and Educational Support in Russian Institutions for Orphans. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 214(June), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.757
Bungin, M. B. (2011). Penelitian Kualitatif. Prenada Media Group.
CERPhi. (2015). An Overview of Philanthropy in India. In CERPhi (2015th ed., Issue April). L’Observatoire de la Fondation de France Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Philanthropie (CERPhi). https://efc.issuelab.org/resource/an-overview-of-philanthropy-in-europe.html
Chen, H., Liu, S., Liu, X., & Yang, D. (2021). Adversity Tries Friends: A Multilevel Analysis of Corporate Philanthropic Response to the Local Spread of COVID-19 in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04745-z
Christiani, T. A., & Kastowo, C. (2016). The Obligation Of Bank To Provide Customer Financial Information Due To Taxation: Violating Of Bank Secrecy? Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(3).
Doore, K. E. Van. (2020). Regulating Australia ’ s Participation in the Orphanage Industry. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300319894498
Fahrullah, A., Anwar, M. K., Ridlwan, A. A., Prabowo, P. S., & Yasin, A. (2020). How Ramadan and Global Pandemic Affect Religiosity and Donating Behaviors. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(2), 250. https://statik.unesa.ac.id/simia/uploads/file_artikel/file_artikel_6785611f-7cf5-4795-8912-8c712129205a.pdf
Finchum-Mason, E., Husted, K., & Suárez, D. (2020). Philanthropic Foundation Responses to COVID-19. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020966047
H.Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality. In Harper & Row,Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1037/12225-003
Harahab, Y. (2016). Kesadaran Hukum Umat Islam Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Untuk Membayar Zakat Melalui Amil Zakat. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 28(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15865
Hillis, S. D., Unwin, H. J. T., Chen, Y., Cluver, L., Sherr, L., Goldman, P. S., Ratmann, O., Donnelly, C. A., Bhatt, S., Villaveces, A., Butchart, A., Bachman, G., Rawlings, L., Green, P., Nelson, C. A., & Flaxman, S. (2021). Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study. The Lancet, 398(10298), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01253-8
Kanjanda, O. (2014). the African Orphans ’ Life : Yesterday and Today. European Scientific Journal, 7881(August), 332–345.
KEMENSOS RI NO : 77 / Huk / 2010, Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2010).
PERMESOS RI NO: 30 / HUK / 2011, (2011). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/130531/permensos-no-30-tahun-2011
Lendriyono, F., & Nurhaqim, S. A. (2016). Dilemmatic of Muhammadiyah Orphanage as Faith Based Organization In Malang, Indonesia. The Social Sciences, 11(23), 5791. https://doi.org/10.36478/sscience.2016.5791.5795
Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectiveness. International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, 14(1), 1–4. http://nationalforum.com/Electronic Journal Volumes/Lunenburg, Fred C Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectivenes IJSAID V14 N1 2012.pdf
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum (Juni). Mataram University Press.
Nkirote, D., & Mugambi, M. M. (2019). Factors Influencing Performance of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programmes in Kenya :A Case of Unbound Project in Tharaka Nithi County , Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(4), 377–406. http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajispm_v3_i4_377_406.pdf
OECD. (2020). Combatting COVID- 19 ’ s effect on children. In OECD (Issue Agustus). https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132643-m91j2scsyh&title=Combatting-COVID-19-s-effect-on-children&_ga=2.67033196.375087585.1630773713-1371399016.1630773713
Paarlberg, L. E., LePere-Schloop, M., Walk, M., Ai, J., & Ming, Y. (2020). Activating Community Resilience: The Emergence of COVID-19 Funds Across the United States. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020968155
Pourhanifeh, G. H., & Mazdeh, M. M. (2016). Identifying the critical success factors of organization with Analytic Hierarchy Process approach (case study - Iran Argham Company). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(4), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.06
Prasad, D. S., Pradhan, R. P., Gaurav, K., & Sabat, A. K. (2020). Critical Success Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.027
Punaks, M., & Lama, S. (2021). Orphanage Trafficking and Child Protection in Emergencies in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of the 2015 Earthquake and the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond, 8(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300320975547
Purwati, A. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum, Teori dan Praktek (1st ed.). CV. Jakad Media Publishing.
Pusat Bahasa. (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Departemen Pendiikan Nasional.
Rohmatin, S. (2020). Origin Pattern Care of Orphanage in Developing Children`s Social Skills. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v5i1.25911
Roy, S. (2021). Theory of Social Proof and Legal Compliance: A Socio-Cognitive Explanation for Regulatory (Non) Compliance. German Law Journal, 22(2), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.5
Sofiyatun Triastuti, Mulyadi, P. F. (2012). Peranan Panti Asuhan Dalam Pemberdayaan Anak Melalui Keterampilan Sablon. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 16(2), 120–133.
Takeuchi, N., Takeuchi, T., & Jung, Y. (2021). Making a successful transition to work: A fresh look at organizational support for young newcomers from an individual-driven career adjustment perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 128(June 2019), 103587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103587
The Faith To Action Initiative. (2014). Children, Orphanages, And Families: A Summary Of Research To Help Guide Faith-Based Action. In Young Children (Issue Maret).
Uasheva, A., Musabayeva, A., & Rakisheva, A. (2014). Influence Of Personal Factors To The Problem Of Social Orphanhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.407
UNICEF. (2020). COVID-19 and Children in Indonesia. In UNICEF (Issue 11 May). https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/reports/covid-19-and-children-in-indonesia
Young, O. R. (1979). Compliance and Public Authority: A Theory with International Applications. In Rff Press (Vol. 18, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002088177901800407
Yusoff, A., Sudin, A., Rahman, A., & Shapiin, M. N. (n.d.). A Study on the Possibility of Mosque Institution Running a Micro-Credit Programme Based on the Grameen Bank Group Lending Model : The Case of. 2, 190. https://prod.kau.edu.sa/Faculties/iei/RePEcSys/7con/Ahdath/Con06/_pdf/Vol2/38 Asry Yusoff A Study on the.pdf
Bachtiar. (2019). Penyusun : Metode Penelitian Hukum (1st ed.). UNPAM PRESS.
Bobyleva, I. (2015). Development of Social and Educational Support in Russian Institutions for Orphans. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 214(June), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.757
Bungin, M. B. (2011). Penelitian Kualitatif. Prenada Media Group.
CERPhi. (2015). An Overview of Philanthropy in India. In CERPhi (2015th ed., Issue April). L’Observatoire de la Fondation de France Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Philanthropie (CERPhi). https://efc.issuelab.org/resource/an-overview-of-philanthropy-in-europe.html
Chen, H., Liu, S., Liu, X., & Yang, D. (2021). Adversity Tries Friends: A Multilevel Analysis of Corporate Philanthropic Response to the Local Spread of COVID-19 in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04745-z
Christiani, T. A., & Kastowo, C. (2016). The Obligation Of Bank To Provide Customer Financial Information Due To Taxation: Violating Of Bank Secrecy? Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(3).
Doore, K. E. Van. (2020). Regulating Australia ’ s Participation in the Orphanage Industry. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300319894498
Fahrullah, A., Anwar, M. K., Ridlwan, A. A., Prabowo, P. S., & Yasin, A. (2020). How Ramadan and Global Pandemic Affect Religiosity and Donating Behaviors. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(2), 250. https://statik.unesa.ac.id/simia/uploads/file_artikel/file_artikel_6785611f-7cf5-4795-8912-8c712129205a.pdf
Finchum-Mason, E., Husted, K., & Suárez, D. (2020). Philanthropic Foundation Responses to COVID-19. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020966047
H.Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality. In Harper & Row,Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1037/12225-003
Harahab, Y. (2016). Kesadaran Hukum Umat Islam Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Untuk Membayar Zakat Melalui Amil Zakat. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 28(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15865
Hillis, S. D., Unwin, H. J. T., Chen, Y., Cluver, L., Sherr, L., Goldman, P. S., Ratmann, O., Donnelly, C. A., Bhatt, S., Villaveces, A., Butchart, A., Bachman, G., Rawlings, L., Green, P., Nelson, C. A., & Flaxman, S. (2021). Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study. The Lancet, 398(10298), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01253-8
Kanjanda, O. (2014). the African Orphans ’ Life : Yesterday and Today. European Scientific Journal, 7881(August), 332–345.
KEMENSOS RI NO : 77 / Huk / 2010, Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2010).
PERMESOS RI NO: 30 / HUK / 2011, (2011). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/130531/permensos-no-30-tahun-2011
Lendriyono, F., & Nurhaqim, S. A. (2016). Dilemmatic of Muhammadiyah Orphanage as Faith Based Organization In Malang, Indonesia. The Social Sciences, 11(23), 5791. https://doi.org/10.36478/sscience.2016.5791.5795
Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectiveness. International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, 14(1), 1–4. http://nationalforum.com/Electronic Journal Volumes/Lunenburg, Fred C Compliance Theory and Organizational Effectivenes IJSAID V14 N1 2012.pdf
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum (Juni). Mataram University Press.
Nkirote, D., & Mugambi, M. M. (2019). Factors Influencing Performance of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programmes in Kenya :A Case of Unbound Project in Tharaka Nithi County , Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(4), 377–406. http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajispm_v3_i4_377_406.pdf
OECD. (2020). Combatting COVID- 19 ’ s effect on children. In OECD (Issue Agustus). https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132643-m91j2scsyh&title=Combatting-COVID-19-s-effect-on-children&_ga=2.67033196.375087585.1630773713-1371399016.1630773713
Paarlberg, L. E., LePere-Schloop, M., Walk, M., Ai, J., & Ming, Y. (2020). Activating Community Resilience: The Emergence of COVID-19 Funds Across the United States. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(6), 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020968155
Pourhanifeh, G. H., & Mazdeh, M. M. (2016). Identifying the critical success factors of organization with Analytic Hierarchy Process approach (case study - Iran Argham Company). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(4), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.06
Prasad, D. S., Pradhan, R. P., Gaurav, K., & Sabat, A. K. (2020). Critical Success Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.027
Punaks, M., & Lama, S. (2021). Orphanage Trafficking and Child Protection in Emergencies in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of the 2015 Earthquake and the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond, 8(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349300320975547
Purwati, A. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum, Teori dan Praktek (1st ed.). CV. Jakad Media Publishing.
Pusat Bahasa. (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Departemen Pendiikan Nasional.
Rohmatin, S. (2020). Origin Pattern Care of Orphanage in Developing Children`s Social Skills. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v5i1.25911
Roy, S. (2021). Theory of Social Proof and Legal Compliance: A Socio-Cognitive Explanation for Regulatory (Non) Compliance. German Law Journal, 22(2), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.5
Sofiyatun Triastuti, Mulyadi, P. F. (2012). Peranan Panti Asuhan Dalam Pemberdayaan Anak Melalui Keterampilan Sablon. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 16(2), 120–133.
Takeuchi, N., Takeuchi, T., & Jung, Y. (2021). Making a successful transition to work: A fresh look at organizational support for young newcomers from an individual-driven career adjustment perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 128(June 2019), 103587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103587
The Faith To Action Initiative. (2014). Children, Orphanages, And Families: A Summary Of Research To Help Guide Faith-Based Action. In Young Children (Issue Maret).
Uasheva, A., Musabayeva, A., & Rakisheva, A. (2014). Influence Of Personal Factors To The Problem Of Social Orphanhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.407
UNICEF. (2020). COVID-19 and Children in Indonesia. In UNICEF (Issue 11 May). https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/reports/covid-19-and-children-in-indonesia
Young, O. R. (1979). Compliance and Public Authority: A Theory with International Applications. In Rff Press (Vol. 18, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002088177901800407
Yusoff, A., Sudin, A., Rahman, A., & Shapiin, M. N. (n.d.). A Study on the Possibility of Mosque Institution Running a Micro-Credit Programme Based on the Grameen Bank Group Lending Model : The Case of. 2, 190. https://prod.kau.edu.sa/Faculties/iei/RePEcSys/7con/Ahdath/Con06/_pdf/Vol2/38 Asry Yusoff A Study on the.pdf