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Abstract
The concept of State of Nature is important in political theory because it helps us understand the origin of political authority and the role of government in society. The State of Nature refers to the hypothetical condition of human beings before or without political association. The analysis is about the comparison of Islamic and western views by using two figures, Al-Mawardi and Thomas Hobbes. This research aims to compare their opinion regarding the State of Nature from the perspective of Siyasah Syar’iyyah. This research uses a comparative approach and content analysis. This study discusses the critical analysis of Thomas Hobbes and Al-Mawardi's views on the concept of a state of nature. Thomas Hobbes conducted that the state of nature is the basic nature of humans who are suspicious of each other at war to find happiness or Hobbes calls it Homo humini lupus, which mean the state of the werewolf for other humans, in contrast to Al-Mawardi's view that humans are deliberately created as weak creatures so that they need interaction to help each other, humans are social creatures who need other people to survive. The research results show that Al-Mawardi and Thomas Hobbes have different views about the State of Nature. According to Al-Mawardi, humans are born in a good natural state, whereas according to Thomas Hobbes, humans are born in a bad natural state. Apart from that, Al-Mawardi argued that humans have rights that must be respected by the state, while Thomas Hobbes argued that humans must surrender their rights to the state for the sake of security and peace.
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References
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References
Al-Mawardi. (1994). al-Hawi al-Kabir. Beirut: Dar Al-kutub Al-'ilmiyah.
Alwie, A. N. (2012). Konstruksi Filsafat Sosial Al-Mawardi. Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam Volume 6, Nomor 2, Desember 2012, 322.
Arikunto, Suharsini. (1993). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktis, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1993), hlm. 202
Azhar, M. (1997). Filsafat Poltik, perbandingan Antara Islam dan Barat. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Balmford, A., Green, R. E., & Jenkins, M. (2003). Measuring the changing state of nature. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(7), 326–330.
Dwipayana, A. (1999). Antara Leviathan dan Hukum Ikan. Jurnal ilmu sosial politik vol. 3, no. 2, November 1999, 187.
Hadi, Sutrisno. (1990). Metodologi Research, (Yogyakarta: Psikologi UGM, 1990)
Henderson, J. (2000). The context of the state of nature. Reclaiming Indigenous Voice and Vision, 11–38.
Mawardi, A. (2001). Kenikmatan Kehidupan Dunia dan Agama; Etika dalam Pergaulan, terj. Kamaluddin Sa’diyatul haramin. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam.
Mustafa, M. H. (2020). ULIL AMRI AUTHORITY ON LIMITATION OF CONGREGATIONAL WORSHIPS IN THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 IN PERSPECTIVE OF FIQH SIYASAH. Jurnal Al-Dustur: Journal of Politic and Islamic Law, 3(2), 123–135.
Muthmainnah, L. (2011). State Of Nature J.J. Rousseau Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Bentuk Ideal Negara. Jurnal Filsafat Vol.21, Nomor 1, 78.
Noer, D. (1982). Pemikiran Politik di Negeri Barat. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian: Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu Sosial Humaniora pada Umumnya, (Pustaka Belajar, 2010), hlm. 336
Rogers, G. A. J., Hutton, S., Schuurman, P., & Sorell, T. (2008). Hobbes, Locke and the State of Nature. Studies on Locke: Sources, Contemporaries, and Legacy, 27–43.
Sugiyono, (2016). Cara Mudah Menyusun: Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), hlm. 55
Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Bandung: Alfabeta, hlm. 329
Suhelmi. (2011). Pemikiran Politik Barat: Kajian Sejarah Perkembangan Pemikiran Negara, Masyarakat, dan Kekuasaan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Suseno, F. M. (1987). Etika Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia.