Main Article Content
Abstract
Instability and inequality in the socio-ecological system in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia, are due to the lack of awareness of coastal communities and tourists towards the environment/ecology. The orientation of this study aims to determine how the coastal community of Labuan Bajo understands human interaction with the environment/ecology (socio-ecological system). This study used a qualitative method with 32 informants (native people, volunteers, and officers). We asked them how coastal communities interpret their environment, their interactions with the environment/ecology, their experiences maintaining socio-ecological systems, and survival strategies in tourist areas. The study results showed that the traditional knowledge of coastal communities contains local wisdom values that are useful in socio-ecological systems. For example, they have in-depth knowledge of the natural cycle, fishing seasons, and the behavior of certain marine species. They also understand the condition of the local ecosystem. Knowledge of local ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangrove forests, endemic species, and how to maintain ecological balance. They also have literacy about the impact of tourism activities. Understanding the potential impacts of tourism activities on the environment and how to minimize them, such as good waste management.
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References
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- Barca, S. (2019). Labour and the ecological crisis: The eco-modernist dilemma in Western Marxism(s) (1970s-2000s). Geoforum, 98, 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2017.07.011
- Braun, Y. A., Dreiling, M. C., Eddy, M. P., & Dominguez, D. M. (2015). Up against the wall: Ecotourism, development, and social justice in Costa Rica. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(3), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2015.1100653
- Brooks, J. J., & Renick, H. E. (2024). The benefits of indigenous-led social science: a mindset for Arctic sustainability. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04127-6
- Chan, G. K. (2015). Social networks as social capital for eco-tourism in Malaysia: A preliminary sociological study of the Langkawi Geopark. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(13), 156–164. http://www.globalgeopark.org/aboutGGN/51.htm.
- Cole, S. (2017). Water worries: An intersectional feminist political ecology of tourism and water in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 67, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.018
- Damanik, J. (2016). Lack of stakeholder partnerships in destination management: Lessons learned from Labuan Bajo, Eastern Indonesia. In Asian Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 1, Issue 2).
- Dwipayanti, N. M. U., Nastiti, A., Johnson, H., Loehr, J., Kowara, M., Rozari, P. de, Vada, S., Hadwen, W., Nugraha, M. A. T., & Powell, B. (2022). Inclusive WASH and sustainable tourism in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia: Needs and opportunities. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 12(5), 417–431. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.222
- Erb, M. (2019). Miscommunication and cultural values in conflict: Reflections on morality and tourism in Labuan Bajo, Flores, Indonesia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283629659
- Eversberg, D., Koch, P., Holz, J., Pungas, L., & Stein, A. (2022). Social relationships with nature: Elements of a framework for socio-ecological structure analysis. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(3), 389–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2022.2095989
- Fatina, S., Soesilo, T. E. B., & Tambunan, R. P. (2023). Collaborative integrated sustainable tourism management model using system dynamics: A case of Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511937
- Forero, J. A. M. (2022). Community-based tourism, rural development, and socio-ecology. Ateliê Geográfico, 16(2), 66–85.
- Frank, B. (2017). Urban systems: A socio-ecological system perspective. Sociology International Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15406/sij.2017.01.00001
- Galeana-Pizaña, J. M., Morales-Martínez, G., & Perevochtchikova, M. (2024). Forest fates: Unraveling the peri-urban social-ecological trajectories in Mexico City’s conservation land. Ambio, 53(12), 1768–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02082-9
- Haris, K. A., Tilottama, R. D., Robbani, M. H., & Yuliani, M. (2023). Potential quantity of liquid fuel from pyrolysis of plastic waste in Labuan Bajo. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1201(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012011
- Helmi, A., Bastidas, V., Oti-Sarpong, K., & Schooling, J. (2024). Sustainable urban digital innovation: A socio-technical competency-based approach to evaluation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105946
- Helseth, E. V., Vedeld, P., & Gómez-Baggethun, E. (2024). Balancing investments in ecosystem services for sustainable forest governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103364
- Kisnarti, E. A., Ningsih, N. S., Putri, M. R., Hendriati, N., & Box, C. (2021). Microplastic observations in the waters of Labuan Bajo-Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 925(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012043
- Kodir, A., Tanjung, A., Astina, I. K., Nurwan, M. A., Nusantara, A. G., & Ahmad, R. (2020). The dinamics of access on tourism development in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 29(2), 662–671. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.29222-497
- Longo, S. B., Clark, B., Shriver, T. E., & Clausen, R. (2016). Sustainability and environmental sociology: Putting the economy in its place and moving toward an integrative socio-ecology. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050437
- Meiji, N. H. P., Hadi, N., Shofa, A. M. A., Masruroh, H., Osman, S., Satria, A. B., & Laksono, B. A. (2023). Analyzing the social ecology of tourism by local communities in the Baluran National Park Area. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Social Knowledge Sciences and Education (ICSKSE) 2023 “Change and Continuity in Southeast Asia”, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 174–180. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-168-5_16
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U4lU_-wJ5QEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR12&dq=miles+and+huberman+qualitative+data+analysis&ots=kFZG3JPZ-W&sig=zjaemroWqovtyxJOjBjbO7NDnJI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=miles%20and%20huberman%20qualitative%20data%20analysis&f=false
- Misgiati, Winarni, I., Murniasih, T., Novriyanti, E., Tarman, K., Safithri, M., Setyaningsih, I., Cahyati, D., Pratama, B. P., & Wirawati, I. (2024). The anticancer and antioxidant potential of local sea cucumber Holothuria edulis, an ecology balancer of Labuan Bajo marine ecosystem. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100625
- Nyoko, A. E. L., Fanggidae, R. P., & Fanggidae, R. P. C. (2021). The potentıal and opportunıtıes of tourısm entrepreneurshıp in Labuan Bajo. In Psychology And Education (Vol. 58, Issue 5). www.psychologyandeducation.net
- Pedraza-Gama, A., Perevochtchikova, M., & Galeana-Pizaña, J. M. (2024). Social-ecological system trajectories of peri-urban watersheds based on a spatial analysis of vulnerability components: A case study in Mexico City, 1999–2039. Ambio, 53(12), 1830–1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02053-0
- Peng, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, N., Qiao, Y., Tian, C., Hirwa, H., Diop, S., Guisse, A., & Li, F. (2021). Resilience, adaptability, and regime shifts thinking: A perspective of dryland socio-ecology system. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 12(3), 376–383. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.03.007
- Räsänen, A., Sarkki, S., Haanpää, O., Isolahti, M., Kekkonen, H., Kikuchi, K., Koukkari, V., Kärkkäinen, K., Miettinen, J., Mäntymaa, E., Yliperttula, K., & Heikkinen, H. I. (2024). Bridging the knowledge-action gap: A framework for co-producing actionable knowledge. Environmental Science and Policy, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103929
- Rizkiyana, R. (2023). The role of social media benefits in affecting purchase intention to reserve a liveaboard phinisi trip in Labuan Bajo. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 1(2), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v1i2.96
- Romano, A., Giardini, F., Columbus, S., De Kwaadsteniet, E. W., Kisfalusi, D., Triki, Z., Snijders, C., & Hagel, K. (2021). Reputation and socio-ecology in humans. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Vol. 376, Issue 1838). Royal Society Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0295
- Ruwet, C. (2021). ‘Bringing time back in’. Towards a socio-ecological stratification of time. Environmental Sociology, 7(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1910454
- Sharp, E. L., Kah, M., Tsang, S. W. R., Martin, A. P., & Turnbull, R. E. (2024). Committing to diversity in participants, participation and knowledge production: place-based insights from the community science of Soilsafe Aotearoa. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03822-8
- Titaley, E. (2023). Sustainable ecotourism development in Negeri Lumoli, Maluku-Indonesia: Sociology Studies. Khazanah Sosial, 5(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i1
- Yakovenko, N. V., Didenko, O. V., & Safonova, I. V. (2019). Socio-ecological well-being of the population (the regions of the central federal district are example). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 272(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/3/032035
References
Austin, K., & Clark, B. (2012). Tearing down mountains: Using spatial and metabolic analysis to investigate the socio-ecological contradictions of coal extraction in appalachia. Critical Sociology, 38(3), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920511409260
Barca, S. (2019). Labour and the ecological crisis: The eco-modernist dilemma in Western Marxism(s) (1970s-2000s). Geoforum, 98, 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2017.07.011
Braun, Y. A., Dreiling, M. C., Eddy, M. P., & Dominguez, D. M. (2015). Up against the wall: Ecotourism, development, and social justice in Costa Rica. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(3), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2015.1100653
Brooks, J. J., & Renick, H. E. (2024). The benefits of indigenous-led social science: a mindset for Arctic sustainability. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04127-6
Chan, G. K. (2015). Social networks as social capital for eco-tourism in Malaysia: A preliminary sociological study of the Langkawi Geopark. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(13), 156–164. http://www.globalgeopark.org/aboutGGN/51.htm.
Cole, S. (2017). Water worries: An intersectional feminist political ecology of tourism and water in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 67, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.018
Damanik, J. (2016). Lack of stakeholder partnerships in destination management: Lessons learned from Labuan Bajo, Eastern Indonesia. In Asian Journal of Tourism Research (Vol. 1, Issue 2).
Dwipayanti, N. M. U., Nastiti, A., Johnson, H., Loehr, J., Kowara, M., Rozari, P. de, Vada, S., Hadwen, W., Nugraha, M. A. T., & Powell, B. (2022). Inclusive WASH and sustainable tourism in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia: Needs and opportunities. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 12(5), 417–431. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.222
Erb, M. (2019). Miscommunication and cultural values in conflict: Reflections on morality and tourism in Labuan Bajo, Flores, Indonesia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283629659
Eversberg, D., Koch, P., Holz, J., Pungas, L., & Stein, A. (2022). Social relationships with nature: Elements of a framework for socio-ecological structure analysis. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(3), 389–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2022.2095989
Fatina, S., Soesilo, T. E. B., & Tambunan, R. P. (2023). Collaborative integrated sustainable tourism management model using system dynamics: A case of Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511937
Forero, J. A. M. (2022). Community-based tourism, rural development, and socio-ecology. Ateliê Geográfico, 16(2), 66–85.
Frank, B. (2017). Urban systems: A socio-ecological system perspective. Sociology International Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15406/sij.2017.01.00001
Galeana-Pizaña, J. M., Morales-Martínez, G., & Perevochtchikova, M. (2024). Forest fates: Unraveling the peri-urban social-ecological trajectories in Mexico City’s conservation land. Ambio, 53(12), 1768–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02082-9
Haris, K. A., Tilottama, R. D., Robbani, M. H., & Yuliani, M. (2023). Potential quantity of liquid fuel from pyrolysis of plastic waste in Labuan Bajo. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1201(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012011
Helmi, A., Bastidas, V., Oti-Sarpong, K., & Schooling, J. (2024). Sustainable urban digital innovation: A socio-technical competency-based approach to evaluation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105946
Helseth, E. V., Vedeld, P., & Gómez-Baggethun, E. (2024). Balancing investments in ecosystem services for sustainable forest governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103364
Kisnarti, E. A., Ningsih, N. S., Putri, M. R., Hendriati, N., & Box, C. (2021). Microplastic observations in the waters of Labuan Bajo-Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 925(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012043
Kodir, A., Tanjung, A., Astina, I. K., Nurwan, M. A., Nusantara, A. G., & Ahmad, R. (2020). The dinamics of access on tourism development in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 29(2), 662–671. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.29222-497
Longo, S. B., Clark, B., Shriver, T. E., & Clausen, R. (2016). Sustainability and environmental sociology: Putting the economy in its place and moving toward an integrative socio-ecology. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050437
Meiji, N. H. P., Hadi, N., Shofa, A. M. A., Masruroh, H., Osman, S., Satria, A. B., & Laksono, B. A. (2023). Analyzing the social ecology of tourism by local communities in the Baluran National Park Area. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Social Knowledge Sciences and Education (ICSKSE) 2023 “Change and Continuity in Southeast Asia”, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 174–180. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-168-5_16
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U4lU_-wJ5QEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR12&dq=miles+and+huberman+qualitative+data+analysis&ots=kFZG3JPZ-W&sig=zjaemroWqovtyxJOjBjbO7NDnJI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=miles%20and%20huberman%20qualitative%20data%20analysis&f=false
Misgiati, Winarni, I., Murniasih, T., Novriyanti, E., Tarman, K., Safithri, M., Setyaningsih, I., Cahyati, D., Pratama, B. P., & Wirawati, I. (2024). The anticancer and antioxidant potential of local sea cucumber Holothuria edulis, an ecology balancer of Labuan Bajo marine ecosystem. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100625
Nyoko, A. E. L., Fanggidae, R. P., & Fanggidae, R. P. C. (2021). The potentıal and opportunıtıes of tourısm entrepreneurshıp in Labuan Bajo. In Psychology And Education (Vol. 58, Issue 5). www.psychologyandeducation.net
Pedraza-Gama, A., Perevochtchikova, M., & Galeana-Pizaña, J. M. (2024). Social-ecological system trajectories of peri-urban watersheds based on a spatial analysis of vulnerability components: A case study in Mexico City, 1999–2039. Ambio, 53(12), 1830–1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02053-0
Peng, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, N., Qiao, Y., Tian, C., Hirwa, H., Diop, S., Guisse, A., & Li, F. (2021). Resilience, adaptability, and regime shifts thinking: A perspective of dryland socio-ecology system. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 12(3), 376–383. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.03.007
Räsänen, A., Sarkki, S., Haanpää, O., Isolahti, M., Kekkonen, H., Kikuchi, K., Koukkari, V., Kärkkäinen, K., Miettinen, J., Mäntymaa, E., Yliperttula, K., & Heikkinen, H. I. (2024). Bridging the knowledge-action gap: A framework for co-producing actionable knowledge. Environmental Science and Policy, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103929
Rizkiyana, R. (2023). The role of social media benefits in affecting purchase intention to reserve a liveaboard phinisi trip in Labuan Bajo. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 1(2), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v1i2.96
Romano, A., Giardini, F., Columbus, S., De Kwaadsteniet, E. W., Kisfalusi, D., Triki, Z., Snijders, C., & Hagel, K. (2021). Reputation and socio-ecology in humans. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Vol. 376, Issue 1838). Royal Society Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0295
Ruwet, C. (2021). ‘Bringing time back in’. Towards a socio-ecological stratification of time. Environmental Sociology, 7(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1910454
Sharp, E. L., Kah, M., Tsang, S. W. R., Martin, A. P., & Turnbull, R. E. (2024). Committing to diversity in participants, participation and knowledge production: place-based insights from the community science of Soilsafe Aotearoa. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03822-8
Titaley, E. (2023). Sustainable ecotourism development in Negeri Lumoli, Maluku-Indonesia: Sociology Studies. Khazanah Sosial, 5(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i1
Yakovenko, N. V., Didenko, O. V., & Safonova, I. V. (2019). Socio-ecological well-being of the population (the regions of the central federal district are example). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 272(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/3/032035
