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December 4, 2024
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December 15, 2024
Published
December 16, 2024
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Abstract
Islam is the majority religion in both Pakistan and Indonesia, the two countries with the largest Muslim populations in the world. While both uphold Islam as the primary faith, religious practices in each country are influenced by differing historical, social, and cultural contexts. This article compares Islamic religious practices in these two nations from a socio-cultural perspective. The research method utilized includes a lecture delivered by Assist. Prof. Muhammad Ajmal Shah, an academic and practitioner from Pakistan. The analysis covers various aspects, such as the size of the Muslim population, the application of Sharia law, variations in Islamic sects and practices, and the interplay between religion and politics. The findings indicate that in Pakistan, Islam serves as a foundational basis for policymaking and national identity, with stricter implementation of Sharia law. In contrast, Indonesia integrates Islamic law with customary and secular laws within a pluralistic framework. Both countries face challenges in maintaining religious tolerance and social stability amidst globalization and modernization. The study concludes that despite differences in the implementation of Islamic law and politics, religion continues to play a significant role in both countries, presenting challenges and opportunities to uphold societal harmony.
Keywords
IslamIndonesiaPakistanSocialCulture
Article Details
How to Cite
Wijianto, D. W., Arini Nur Yunia Puspitaningrum Rahmwati, Hidayah Kurniawati, Peni Indrayudha, Tri Yulianti, Ahwan Abdul, & Muhammad Ajmal Shah. (2024). A comparison of Islamic religious practices in Pakistan and Indonesia: A sociocultural perspective. AL MA’ARIEF : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Budaya, 6(2), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaarief.v6i2.11638
References
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Ahmad, S. (2019). Menelisik Ketegasan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Pakistan. Al-Mashlahah, 15(1), 87–97.
Ahmad, S., & Khan, I. (2022). The impact of globalization, foreign direct investment and trade openness on poverty: a case study of Pakistan. Economic Consultant, 37(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2022.1.4
Ahmed, Z. S. (2023). Islam and the Politics of Secularism in Pakistan. Religions, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030416
Baihaki, W. (2009). Pengaruh Islam Terhadap Perpolitikan Indonesia.
Burhanudin, J., & Dijk, K. van. (2013). Islam in Indonesia: Contrasting Images and Interpretations. In J. Burhanudin & K. van Dijk (Eds.), Islam in Indonesia. Amsterdam University Press.
Chengappa, B. M. (2001). Pakistan: The role of religion in political evolution. Strategic Analysis, 24(12), 2155–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700160108455346
Danisworo, T. G. (2023). GOVERNING RELIGION: Critics of Indonesia’s Government Social Cohesion and Religious Harmony Policy. Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional, 2(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v2i2.43996
Das M., 2018, Linkages to the world economy, Realizing Indonesia’s economic potential, 163–186.
Ernawam, D. (2017). Pengaruh Globalisasi terhadap Eksistensi Kebudayaan Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas RI, 32(1), 1–54.
Friesen, N. (2014). A Brief History of the Lecture: A Multi-Media Analysis. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift Für Theorie Und Praxis Der Medienbildung, 24, 136–153. https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/24/2014.09.30.x
Kaur, G. (2011). Study and Analysis of Lecture Model of Teaching. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 1(1), 9–13.
Kholis, N. (2002). Prospek Penerapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. In Al-Mawarid (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.20885/almawarid.vol8.art12
Mehfooz, M. (2021). Religious freedom in Pakistan: A case study of religious minorities. Religions, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051
Menhas, R., Tabbassam, H. F., Yaqoob, M., & Jabeen, N. (2014). Impact of Modernization on Pakistani Women. Innovare Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 5–7.
Menhas, R., Umer, S., Akhtar, S., & Shabbir, G. (2015). Impact Of Modernization On Religious Institution: A Case Study Of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan. European Review Of Applied Sociology, 8(10), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1515/eras-2015-0003
Mulyono M., 2017, The Problems of Modernity and Identity in Globalization Era, Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 1 (2), 106–111.
Nasution, F. (2020). Kedatangan dan Perkembangan Islam ke Indonesia. MAWA’IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN, 11(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v11i1.995
Ningsih E.A., Falianty T.A. and Budiarti F.T., 2018, Pemanfaatan Kerja Sama Indonesia-Jepang Economic Partnership Agreement (Ijepa) Dan Indonesia – Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (Ippta), Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 12 (2), 181–204.
Prayer, T. (2024). Global Muslim population. Timesprayer.Com.
Raza Shah, A. (2021). Issues and State of Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 5(III), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-iii)07
Research, W. W. (2024). World Watch List 2024: Indonesia.
Rohmadi. (1947). Syari’ah Dan Politik Hukum Keluarga Di Negara Pakistan. Plant Physiology, 1(1), 11–19.
Saeed, N. (2001). Impact of Globalization On Pakistan ’ s Economy. 1999, 1–18.
Sardiyo S. and Dhasman M., 2019, Globalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Evidence From Asean Countries, Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 14 (2), 104.
Singh, D. P. . (2016). Islam in india and pakistan - a religious history. In VIJ Books. Vij Books India Private L.
Sutria, D. (2019). Implementasi Metode Batu Pijar Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sd Negeri 47 Kota Jambi. Jurnal Pesona Dasar, 7(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24815/pear.v7i2.14753
Wahid, R. A. (2018). Aliran Minoritas Dalam Islam Di Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 1(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v1i2.1071
Waseem, M., Mufti, M., Religions and Development Research Programme., & University of Birmingham. International Development Department. (2009). Religions, politics and governance in Pakista
References
Abd Elgadir, I. babikir El., Lahodin, S., & Mohd Nadzir, Z. B. (2023). The Lecture Method, its Steps, and its Educational Aspects in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(10), 1798–1805. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i10/19059
Ahmad, S. (2019). Menelisik Ketegasan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Pakistan. Al-Mashlahah, 15(1), 87–97.
Ahmad, S., & Khan, I. (2022). The impact of globalization, foreign direct investment and trade openness on poverty: a case study of Pakistan. Economic Consultant, 37(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2022.1.4
Ahmed, Z. S. (2023). Islam and the Politics of Secularism in Pakistan. Religions, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030416
Baihaki, W. (2009). Pengaruh Islam Terhadap Perpolitikan Indonesia.
Burhanudin, J., & Dijk, K. van. (2013). Islam in Indonesia: Contrasting Images and Interpretations. In J. Burhanudin & K. van Dijk (Eds.), Islam in Indonesia. Amsterdam University Press.
Chengappa, B. M. (2001). Pakistan: The role of religion in political evolution. Strategic Analysis, 24(12), 2155–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700160108455346
Danisworo, T. G. (2023). GOVERNING RELIGION: Critics of Indonesia’s Government Social Cohesion and Religious Harmony Policy. Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional, 2(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v2i2.43996
Das M., 2018, Linkages to the world economy, Realizing Indonesia’s economic potential, 163–186.
Ernawam, D. (2017). Pengaruh Globalisasi terhadap Eksistensi Kebudayaan Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas RI, 32(1), 1–54.
Friesen, N. (2014). A Brief History of the Lecture: A Multi-Media Analysis. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift Für Theorie Und Praxis Der Medienbildung, 24, 136–153. https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/24/2014.09.30.x
Kaur, G. (2011). Study and Analysis of Lecture Model of Teaching. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 1(1), 9–13.
Kholis, N. (2002). Prospek Penerapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. In Al-Mawarid (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.20885/almawarid.vol8.art12
Mehfooz, M. (2021). Religious freedom in Pakistan: A case study of religious minorities. Religions, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051
Menhas, R., Tabbassam, H. F., Yaqoob, M., & Jabeen, N. (2014). Impact of Modernization on Pakistani Women. Innovare Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 5–7.
Menhas, R., Umer, S., Akhtar, S., & Shabbir, G. (2015). Impact Of Modernization On Religious Institution: A Case Study Of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan. European Review Of Applied Sociology, 8(10), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1515/eras-2015-0003
Mulyono M., 2017, The Problems of Modernity and Identity in Globalization Era, Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 1 (2), 106–111.
Nasution, F. (2020). Kedatangan dan Perkembangan Islam ke Indonesia. MAWA’IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN, 11(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v11i1.995
Ningsih E.A., Falianty T.A. and Budiarti F.T., 2018, Pemanfaatan Kerja Sama Indonesia-Jepang Economic Partnership Agreement (Ijepa) Dan Indonesia – Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (Ippta), Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 12 (2), 181–204.
Prayer, T. (2024). Global Muslim population. Timesprayer.Com.
Raza Shah, A. (2021). Issues and State of Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 5(III), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-iii)07
Research, W. W. (2024). World Watch List 2024: Indonesia.
Rohmadi. (1947). Syari’ah Dan Politik Hukum Keluarga Di Negara Pakistan. Plant Physiology, 1(1), 11–19.
Saeed, N. (2001). Impact of Globalization On Pakistan ’ s Economy. 1999, 1–18.
Sardiyo S. and Dhasman M., 2019, Globalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Evidence From Asean Countries, Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 14 (2), 104.
Singh, D. P. . (2016). Islam in india and pakistan - a religious history. In VIJ Books. Vij Books India Private L.
Sutria, D. (2019). Implementasi Metode Batu Pijar Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sd Negeri 47 Kota Jambi. Jurnal Pesona Dasar, 7(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24815/pear.v7i2.14753
Wahid, R. A. (2018). Aliran Minoritas Dalam Islam Di Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 1(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v1i2.1071
Waseem, M., Mufti, M., Religions and Development Research Programme., & University of Birmingham. International Development Department. (2009). Religions, politics and governance in Pakista
Ahmad, S. (2019). Menelisik Ketegasan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Pakistan. Al-Mashlahah, 15(1), 87–97.
Ahmad, S., & Khan, I. (2022). The impact of globalization, foreign direct investment and trade openness on poverty: a case study of Pakistan. Economic Consultant, 37(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2022.1.4
Ahmed, Z. S. (2023). Islam and the Politics of Secularism in Pakistan. Religions, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030416
Baihaki, W. (2009). Pengaruh Islam Terhadap Perpolitikan Indonesia.
Burhanudin, J., & Dijk, K. van. (2013). Islam in Indonesia: Contrasting Images and Interpretations. In J. Burhanudin & K. van Dijk (Eds.), Islam in Indonesia. Amsterdam University Press.
Chengappa, B. M. (2001). Pakistan: The role of religion in political evolution. Strategic Analysis, 24(12), 2155–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700160108455346
Danisworo, T. G. (2023). GOVERNING RELIGION: Critics of Indonesia’s Government Social Cohesion and Religious Harmony Policy. Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional, 2(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v2i2.43996
Das M., 2018, Linkages to the world economy, Realizing Indonesia’s economic potential, 163–186.
Ernawam, D. (2017). Pengaruh Globalisasi terhadap Eksistensi Kebudayaan Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas RI, 32(1), 1–54.
Friesen, N. (2014). A Brief History of the Lecture: A Multi-Media Analysis. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift Für Theorie Und Praxis Der Medienbildung, 24, 136–153. https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/24/2014.09.30.x
Kaur, G. (2011). Study and Analysis of Lecture Model of Teaching. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 1(1), 9–13.
Kholis, N. (2002). Prospek Penerapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia. In Al-Mawarid (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.20885/almawarid.vol8.art12
Mehfooz, M. (2021). Religious freedom in Pakistan: A case study of religious minorities. Religions, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051
Menhas, R., Tabbassam, H. F., Yaqoob, M., & Jabeen, N. (2014). Impact of Modernization on Pakistani Women. Innovare Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 5–7.
Menhas, R., Umer, S., Akhtar, S., & Shabbir, G. (2015). Impact Of Modernization On Religious Institution: A Case Study Of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan. European Review Of Applied Sociology, 8(10), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1515/eras-2015-0003
Mulyono M., 2017, The Problems of Modernity and Identity in Globalization Era, Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 1 (2), 106–111.
Nasution, F. (2020). Kedatangan dan Perkembangan Islam ke Indonesia. MAWA’IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN, 11(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v11i1.995
Ningsih E.A., Falianty T.A. and Budiarti F.T., 2018, Pemanfaatan Kerja Sama Indonesia-Jepang Economic Partnership Agreement (Ijepa) Dan Indonesia – Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (Ippta), Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 12 (2), 181–204.
Prayer, T. (2024). Global Muslim population. Timesprayer.Com.
Raza Shah, A. (2021). Issues and State of Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 5(III), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-iii)07
Research, W. W. (2024). World Watch List 2024: Indonesia.
Rohmadi. (1947). Syari’ah Dan Politik Hukum Keluarga Di Negara Pakistan. Plant Physiology, 1(1), 11–19.
Saeed, N. (2001). Impact of Globalization On Pakistan ’ s Economy. 1999, 1–18.
Sardiyo S. and Dhasman M., 2019, Globalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Evidence From Asean Countries, Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 14 (2), 104.
Singh, D. P. . (2016). Islam in india and pakistan - a religious history. In VIJ Books. Vij Books India Private L.
Sutria, D. (2019). Implementasi Metode Batu Pijar Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sd Negeri 47 Kota Jambi. Jurnal Pesona Dasar, 7(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24815/pear.v7i2.14753
Wahid, R. A. (2018). Aliran Minoritas Dalam Islam Di Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 1(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v1i2.1071
Waseem, M., Mufti, M., Religions and Development Research Programme., & University of Birmingham. International Development Department. (2009). Religions, politics and governance in Pakista