Date Log
Submitted
November 5, 2024
Accepted
December 25, 2024
Published
December 29, 2024
The Effectiveness of Hanzhala and Watermelon Icons as A Symbol Representation of The Palestine Struggle on The Palestine-Israel Conflict
Corresponding Author(s) : Maman Lesmana
KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan, Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan
Abstract
The never-ending conflict between Palestine and Israel has resulted in great suffering to this day. However, the fighting spirit of the Palestinian people continues to grow strong roots. Palestinian people use various media to voice their rights and criticize the current situation affecting Palestine, one of which is in the form of caricature art. Naji Al-Ali, as a caricature artist, is active in voicing criticism and the conditions of concern faced by Palestinian society. Hanzhala is one of Naji's works created against the backdrop of the Nakba. Hanzhala then evolved into a symbol of resistance and a strong symbol of struggle for the national identity of the Palestinian people. This research will analyze the relevance and effectiveness of the use of Hanzhala caricatures as a reflection of the factual conditions of Palestinian resistance in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict from 7 October 2023 until now. This research was researched using a descriptive qualitative approach method through relevant library sources. Based on the research analysis that has been carried out, the Hanzhala caricatures by Naji al-Ali remain relevant in depicting criticism and current conflict situations. However, the use of Hanzhala caricatures as a medium for criticism has not attracted much attention from the global community, so the aim of using caricatures as a medium to increase recognition of the resistance to the Palestinian struggle is less effective.
Keywords
Hanzhala; Naji Al-Ali; Palestine; Israel; symbol
Lesmana, M. (2024). The Effectiveness of Hanzhala and Watermelon Icons as A Symbol Representation of The Palestine Struggle on The Palestine-Israel Conflict. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 17(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v17i2.11328
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References
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(26) Fisk, R. (2018, June 28). I spoke to Palestinians who still hold the keys to homes they fleddecades ago – many are still determined to return.
(27) Mohammed Haddad. (20203, November 20). Symbols of Palestine.
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(29) Republika. (2023, November 10). Republika. Retrieved from Eksodus di Gaza BangkitkanMimpi Buruk Nakba: https://www.republika.id/posts/47557/eksodus-di-gaza- bangkitkan-mimpi-buruk-nakba
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References
(1) al-Ali, N. (2009). A Child in Palestine: The Cartoons of Naji al-Ali. London: Verso. Cooper, J. (1987). An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols. Great Britain: Thames and Hudson Ltd,
(2) Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches Second Editions. California: Sage Publications .
(3) Göçek, F. M. (1998). Political Cartoons in the Middle East. Markus Wiener Publishers.
(4) Khalidi, W. (2006). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulatedby Israel in 1948. Institute for Palestine Studies.
(5) Kimmerling, B., & Migdal, J. S. (1993). Palestines: The Making of a People.
Cambridge.
(6) Lasswell, H. D. (1927). The Theory of Political Propaganda. American Political ScienceAssociation, pp. 627-631.
(7) Manna, A. (2022). Nakba and Survival : The Story of Palestinians Who Remained in Haifaand the Galilee, 1948–1956. Oakland: University of California Press.
(8) Marín-Arrese, J. (2019). Political Cartoon Discourse: Creativity, Critique
and Persuasion, Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación.
(9) Michalak, J., Troje, N. F., Fischer, J., Vollmar, P., Heidenreich, T., & Schulte, D. (2009).Embodiment of sadness and depression--gait patterns associated with dysphoric mood. Psychosomatic medicine.
(10) Mulyana, D. (2013). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif : Paradigma baru ilmu komunikasi danilmu sosial lainnya / Deddy Mulyana. Bandung : Remaja Rosdakarya.
(11) Pravin B., T. D. (2013). Review on Citrullus colocynthis. Int. J. Res.
Pharm. Chem. 3 , pp. 46–53.
(12) Press, C. (1981). The Political Cartoon. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
(13) Renfro, E. (2018). Stitched together, torn apart: The keffiyeh as cultural
guide . SAGE, pp.571-586
(14) Schiocchet, L. (2011). Palestinian Sumud: Steadfastness, Ritual and Time among Palestinian Refugees. Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies.
(15) Singh, R. K. (2012). Humour, Irony and Satire in Literature. Trans Stellar, pp. 65-72.
(16) Streicher, L. H. (2009). On a Theory of Political Caricature.
Cambridge University Press, pp. 427-445.
(17) Totry, M., & Medzini, A. (2013). The Use of Cartoons in Popular Proteststhat Focus on Geographic, Social, Economic and Political Issues. European Journal of Geography, pp. 22-35.
Internet
(18) Aljazeera News Agency. (2023, November 10). Aljazeera News Israel-Palestine Conflict. Retrieved from Israel-Hamas war: List of key events, day 35: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/10/israel-hamas-war- list-of-key-events-day- 35
(19) Aljazeera news agencies. (2023, Oktober 2023). Aljazeera News Israel-Palestine Conflict. Retrieved from What happened in Israel? A breakdown of how Hamas attack unfolded: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/what- happened-in-israel-a-breakdown-of-how-the-hamas- attack-unfolded
(20) Aljazeera News Agencies. (2017, Mei 23). The Nakba did not start or end in 1948 Key facts and figures on the ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/5/23/the-nakba-did- not-start-or-end-in-1948
(21) Aljazeera News. (2023, Desember 4). No end to suffering of Gaza children as Israeli attacksrage on . Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/12/4/no- end-to- suffering-of-gaza-children-as-israeli-attacks-rage-on
(22) Al-Mughrabi, N. (2023, November 7). Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children'sgraveyard. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle- east/pressure-israel- over-civilians-steps-up-ceasefire-calls-rebuffed-2023-11-06/
(23) Ari Rabinovitch. (2023, January 9). Israel's Ben-Gvir tells police to
remove Palestinian flagsfrom public space. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle- east/israels- ben-gvir-tells-police-
remove-palestinian-flags-public-space- 2023-01-08/
(24) Angy Essam. (2017, September 1). Naji Al-Ali: The immortal Palestinian conscience. Retrieved from Egypt Today: https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/20561/Naji-Al-Ali- The-immortal-Palestinian-conscience
(25) CNBC Indonesia. (2023, November 5). Simak! Sejarah Panjang & Kronologi Konflik Palestina-Israel. Retrieved from CNBC Indoenesia News: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231105141151-4- 486511/simak-sejarah- panjang-kronologi-konflik- palestina-israel
(26) Fisk, R. (2018, June 28). I spoke to Palestinians who still hold the keys to homes they fleddecades ago – many are still determined to return.
(27) Mohammed Haddad. (20203, November 20). Symbols of Palestine.
Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/11/20/palesti ne-symbols-keffiyeh-olive-branch-watermelon
(28) Miriam Berger. (2021, July 9). Why Palestinians are uniting around watermelon emoji. Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/09/pal estinian-watermelons/
(29) Republika. (2023, November 10). Republika. Retrieved from Eksodus di Gaza BangkitkanMimpi Buruk Nakba: https://www.republika.id/posts/47557/eksodus-di-gaza- bangkitkan-mimpi-buruk-nakba
(30) Sottile, Z. (2023, November 28). The keffiyeh explained: How this scarf became aPalestinian national symbol. Retrieved Desember 2023, from CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/28/style/style- palestinian-keffiyeh- explained/index.html
(31) World Health Organization. (2023, November 20). oPt Emergency Situation Report.Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/WHO_oPt_Sitrep_12. pdf
(2) Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches Second Editions. California: Sage Publications .
(3) Göçek, F. M. (1998). Political Cartoons in the Middle East. Markus Wiener Publishers.
(4) Khalidi, W. (2006). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulatedby Israel in 1948. Institute for Palestine Studies.
(5) Kimmerling, B., & Migdal, J. S. (1993). Palestines: The Making of a People.
Cambridge.
(6) Lasswell, H. D. (1927). The Theory of Political Propaganda. American Political ScienceAssociation, pp. 627-631.
(7) Manna, A. (2022). Nakba and Survival : The Story of Palestinians Who Remained in Haifaand the Galilee, 1948–1956. Oakland: University of California Press.
(8) Marín-Arrese, J. (2019). Political Cartoon Discourse: Creativity, Critique
and Persuasion, Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación.
(9) Michalak, J., Troje, N. F., Fischer, J., Vollmar, P., Heidenreich, T., & Schulte, D. (2009).Embodiment of sadness and depression--gait patterns associated with dysphoric mood. Psychosomatic medicine.
(10) Mulyana, D. (2013). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif : Paradigma baru ilmu komunikasi danilmu sosial lainnya / Deddy Mulyana. Bandung : Remaja Rosdakarya.
(11) Pravin B., T. D. (2013). Review on Citrullus colocynthis. Int. J. Res.
Pharm. Chem. 3 , pp. 46–53.
(12) Press, C. (1981). The Political Cartoon. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
(13) Renfro, E. (2018). Stitched together, torn apart: The keffiyeh as cultural
guide . SAGE, pp.571-586
(14) Schiocchet, L. (2011). Palestinian Sumud: Steadfastness, Ritual and Time among Palestinian Refugees. Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies.
(15) Singh, R. K. (2012). Humour, Irony and Satire in Literature. Trans Stellar, pp. 65-72.
(16) Streicher, L. H. (2009). On a Theory of Political Caricature.
Cambridge University Press, pp. 427-445.
(17) Totry, M., & Medzini, A. (2013). The Use of Cartoons in Popular Proteststhat Focus on Geographic, Social, Economic and Political Issues. European Journal of Geography, pp. 22-35.
Internet
(18) Aljazeera News Agency. (2023, November 10). Aljazeera News Israel-Palestine Conflict. Retrieved from Israel-Hamas war: List of key events, day 35: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/10/israel-hamas-war- list-of-key-events-day- 35
(19) Aljazeera news agencies. (2023, Oktober 2023). Aljazeera News Israel-Palestine Conflict. Retrieved from What happened in Israel? A breakdown of how Hamas attack unfolded: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/what- happened-in-israel-a-breakdown-of-how-the-hamas- attack-unfolded
(20) Aljazeera News Agencies. (2017, Mei 23). The Nakba did not start or end in 1948 Key facts and figures on the ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/5/23/the-nakba-did- not-start-or-end-in-1948
(21) Aljazeera News. (2023, Desember 4). No end to suffering of Gaza children as Israeli attacksrage on . Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/12/4/no- end-to- suffering-of-gaza-children-as-israeli-attacks-rage-on
(22) Al-Mughrabi, N. (2023, November 7). Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children'sgraveyard. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle- east/pressure-israel- over-civilians-steps-up-ceasefire-calls-rebuffed-2023-11-06/
(23) Ari Rabinovitch. (2023, January 9). Israel's Ben-Gvir tells police to
remove Palestinian flagsfrom public space. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle- east/israels- ben-gvir-tells-police-
remove-palestinian-flags-public-space- 2023-01-08/
(24) Angy Essam. (2017, September 1). Naji Al-Ali: The immortal Palestinian conscience. Retrieved from Egypt Today: https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/20561/Naji-Al-Ali- The-immortal-Palestinian-conscience
(25) CNBC Indonesia. (2023, November 5). Simak! Sejarah Panjang & Kronologi Konflik Palestina-Israel. Retrieved from CNBC Indoenesia News: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231105141151-4- 486511/simak-sejarah- panjang-kronologi-konflik- palestina-israel
(26) Fisk, R. (2018, June 28). I spoke to Palestinians who still hold the keys to homes they fleddecades ago – many are still determined to return.
(27) Mohammed Haddad. (20203, November 20). Symbols of Palestine.
Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/11/20/palesti ne-symbols-keffiyeh-olive-branch-watermelon
(28) Miriam Berger. (2021, July 9). Why Palestinians are uniting around watermelon emoji. Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/09/pal estinian-watermelons/
(29) Republika. (2023, November 10). Republika. Retrieved from Eksodus di Gaza BangkitkanMimpi Buruk Nakba: https://www.republika.id/posts/47557/eksodus-di-gaza- bangkitkan-mimpi-buruk-nakba
(30) Sottile, Z. (2023, November 28). The keffiyeh explained: How this scarf became aPalestinian national symbol. Retrieved Desember 2023, from CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/28/style/style- palestinian-keffiyeh- explained/index.html
(31) World Health Organization. (2023, November 20). oPt Emergency Situation Report.Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/WHO_oPt_Sitrep_12. pdf