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Negotiating Religious Moderation and Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: A Socio-Anthropological Perspective
Corresponding Author(s) : sandy wijaya -
KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan
Abstract
Tensions between religious communities in a nation become one of the triggers of social conflicts that result in communal conflicts based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup. Communal conflict is a very crucial social issue because it can trigger a civil war that takes many victims. Communal conflict factors are generally preceded by social prejudice that makes a person or group of people deny the existence of equality and equal rights. Cases of social prejudice often arise more because of religious sentiment and sectarian politics, and or other identity politics. An understanding of religious moderation is a strong indicator for realizing social harmony in the life of pluralistic Indonesian society. Indonesia is a state of law that also embraces legal pluralism in certain legal rules. The level of understanding of religious moderation that is symmetrically related to legal pluralism becomes a problem in this paper. This research is based on quantitative research. Primary data is used to determine the level of understanding (perception) of religious moderation among religious leaders and officials in South Sumatra Province. Primary data were obtained through a questionnaire based on GoogleForm online. The focus and location of the research is Palembang City which represents the highest level of heterogeneity compared to other regions in South Sumatra Province. Based on data analysis, it was found that the level of understanding of religious moderation is very high, while the level of understanding of the manifestation of legal pluralism is below the level of high. It is recommended that there is a public policy in which there is a legal policy of the Regional Government through Regional Regulations to realize religious moderation by increasing public knowledge through religious moderation education and the ability to understand legal pluralism which is a necessity in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. For the Central Government, it can issue legal products in the form of laws or other regulations on religious moderation and legal pluralism.
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- n-Naim, A. A. (2008). Islam and the secular state: Negotiating the future of Sharia. Harvard University Press.
- Arif, D. B. (2017). Pengembangan Kebajikan Kewargaan (Civic Virtue) dalam Masyarakat Multikultural Indonesia: Peran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Journal Civics and Social Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
- Benda-Beckmann, K. von, & Turner, B. (2018). Legal pluralism, social theory, and the state. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 50(3), 255–274.
- Bohn Jr, H. J., & Roelfs, D. J. (2020). How hybrid institutional logics matter: the importance of trust and embeddedness in neighborhood revitalization collaborations. Journal of Applied Social Science, 14(2), 145–161.
- Bolotta, G., Feener, R. M., & Fountain, P. (2020). Political theologies and development in Asia: Transcendence, sacrifice, and aspiration.
- Casanova, J. (1994). Public religions in the modern world. University of Chicago press.
- Foblets, M.-C., & Renteln, A. D. (2009). Multicultural jurisprudence: Comparative perspectives on the cultural defense. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Griffiths, J., Bood, A., & Weyers, H. (1998). Euthanasia and Law in the Netherlands. In Euthanasia and Law in the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789053562758
- Habermas, J. (2006). Religion in the public sphere. European Journal of Philosophy, 14(1).
- Hudiyana, J., & Takwin, B. (2020). Catatan Editor: Langkah JPS dalam situasi pandemi dan pengantar Vol. 18 (3) tentang budaya, identitas, dan relasi antarkelompok. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.19
- Husain, S., Ayoub, N. P., & Hassmann, M. (2024). Legal pluralism in contemporary societies: Dynamics of interaction between islamic law and secular civil law. SYARIAT: Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah and Muamalah, 1(1), 1–17.
- Hussain, J. (2016). More Than One Law for All: Legal Pluralism in Southeast Asia 1. In Legal Pluralism and Shari’a Law (pp. 64–79). Routledge.
- Indrawan, J., & Putri, A. T. (2022). ANALISIS KONFLIK AMBON MENGGUNAKAN PENAHAPAN KONFLIK SIMON FISHER. Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v4i1.36608
- Islamy, A. (2022). Moderasi beragama dalam ideologi pancasila. POROS ONIM: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan, 3 (1), 18–30.
- Istianah, A., Darmawan, C., Sundawa, D., & Fitriasari, S. (2024). Peran pendidikan kebinekaan dalam pendidikan kewarganegaraan untuk menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang damai. Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan, 9(1), 15–29.
- Kapitri, N. (2022). Moderasi Beragama dalam Kajian Islam. In Al-Ashri: Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman.
- Khairiyah, N., & Bukhari, M. (2024). Analisis Konsep Moderasi Beragama menurut Pimpinan Majelis Lintas Agama di Jakarta. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v17i1.7722
- Luckmann, T., Kaden, T., & Schnettler, B. (2022). The invisible religion: The problem of religion in modern society. Routledge.
- Mohiuddin, A. (2024). Constitutional Status of Religious Freedom in Egypt and Malaysia: A Cross-National Analysis. In Human Rights Law in Egypt and Malaysia: Freedom of Religion and Expression, Volume 1 (pp. 75–132). Springer.
- Neo, J. L. (2015). Competing imperatives: Conflicts and convergences in state and islam in pluralist Malaysia. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 4(1), 1–25.
- Neo, J. L. (2022). Law and Religion: Asia as Critical Ground for Rethinking Existing Frameworks and Dominant Paradigms. Journal of Law and Religion, 37(2), 220–224.
- Nurhidayah, N., Putra, A., Putra, D. P., Fadhliah, M., & Rosyada, Y. A. (2022). Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Pluralisme Abdurahman Wahid (Gus Dur). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 2(2), 360–369.
- Paalo, S. A. (2021). A systemic understanding of hybrid peace: an examination of hybrid political orders in African peace governance. African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review, 11(1), 1–31.
- Ricca, M. (2023). Impossible Neutrality: Cultural Differences and the Anthropological Incompleteness of Western Secularization. In Intercultural Spaces of Law: Translating Invisibilities (pp. 29–124). Springer.
- Sujana, I. P. W. M., & Suastika, I. N. (2019). Menggagas Penguatan Kajian Akhlak Kewarganegaraan (Civic Virtue) Perspektif Hindu Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural. Seminar Nasional Inovasi Dalam Penelitian Sains, Teknologi Dan Humaniora-InoBali, 1214–1224.
- Tamanaha, B. Z. (2017). Understanding legal pluralism: past to present, local to global. In Legal theory and the social sciences (pp. 447–483). Routledge.
- Thio, L. (2019). Irreducible Plurality, Indivisible Unity: Singapore Relational Constitutionalism and Cultivating Harmony Through Constructing a Constitutional Civil Religion. German Law Journal, 20(7), 1007–1034.
- Toha, M., & Muna, F. (2022). Moderasi Islam Dan Aliran Pemikiran Pluralisme Agama. Journal of Education and Religious Studies, 2(01), 22–28.
- von Benda-Beckmann, F., von Benda-Beckmann, K., & Bell, G. F. (2017). Legal pluralism and legal anthropology: Experiences from Indonesia. Pluralism, Transnationalism and Culture in Asian Law: A Book in Honour of MB Hooker, 70–89.
- Zaeny, A. (2017). Diskursus Keberagamaan di Indonesia (Upaya melacak akar sejarah pemikiran umat). Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam.
References
n-Naim, A. A. (2008). Islam and the secular state: Negotiating the future of Sharia. Harvard University Press.
Arif, D. B. (2017). Pengembangan Kebajikan Kewargaan (Civic Virtue) dalam Masyarakat Multikultural Indonesia: Peran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Journal Civics and Social Studies, 1(1), 1–12.
Benda-Beckmann, K. von, & Turner, B. (2018). Legal pluralism, social theory, and the state. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 50(3), 255–274.
Bohn Jr, H. J., & Roelfs, D. J. (2020). How hybrid institutional logics matter: the importance of trust and embeddedness in neighborhood revitalization collaborations. Journal of Applied Social Science, 14(2), 145–161.
Bolotta, G., Feener, R. M., & Fountain, P. (2020). Political theologies and development in Asia: Transcendence, sacrifice, and aspiration.
Casanova, J. (1994). Public religions in the modern world. University of Chicago press.
Foblets, M.-C., & Renteln, A. D. (2009). Multicultural jurisprudence: Comparative perspectives on the cultural defense. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Griffiths, J., Bood, A., & Weyers, H. (1998). Euthanasia and Law in the Netherlands. In Euthanasia and Law in the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789053562758
Habermas, J. (2006). Religion in the public sphere. European Journal of Philosophy, 14(1).
Hudiyana, J., & Takwin, B. (2020). Catatan Editor: Langkah JPS dalam situasi pandemi dan pengantar Vol. 18 (3) tentang budaya, identitas, dan relasi antarkelompok. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.19
Husain, S., Ayoub, N. P., & Hassmann, M. (2024). Legal pluralism in contemporary societies: Dynamics of interaction between islamic law and secular civil law. SYARIAT: Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah and Muamalah, 1(1), 1–17.
Hussain, J. (2016). More Than One Law for All: Legal Pluralism in Southeast Asia 1. In Legal Pluralism and Shari’a Law (pp. 64–79). Routledge.
Indrawan, J., & Putri, A. T. (2022). ANALISIS KONFLIK AMBON MENGGUNAKAN PENAHAPAN KONFLIK SIMON FISHER. Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v4i1.36608
Islamy, A. (2022). Moderasi beragama dalam ideologi pancasila. POROS ONIM: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan, 3 (1), 18–30.
Istianah, A., Darmawan, C., Sundawa, D., & Fitriasari, S. (2024). Peran pendidikan kebinekaan dalam pendidikan kewarganegaraan untuk menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang damai. Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan, 9(1), 15–29.
Kapitri, N. (2022). Moderasi Beragama dalam Kajian Islam. In Al-Ashri: Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman.
Khairiyah, N., & Bukhari, M. (2024). Analisis Konsep Moderasi Beragama menurut Pimpinan Majelis Lintas Agama di Jakarta. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v17i1.7722
Luckmann, T., Kaden, T., & Schnettler, B. (2022). The invisible religion: The problem of religion in modern society. Routledge.
Mohiuddin, A. (2024). Constitutional Status of Religious Freedom in Egypt and Malaysia: A Cross-National Analysis. In Human Rights Law in Egypt and Malaysia: Freedom of Religion and Expression, Volume 1 (pp. 75–132). Springer.
Neo, J. L. (2015). Competing imperatives: Conflicts and convergences in state and islam in pluralist Malaysia. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 4(1), 1–25.
Neo, J. L. (2022). Law and Religion: Asia as Critical Ground for Rethinking Existing Frameworks and Dominant Paradigms. Journal of Law and Religion, 37(2), 220–224.
Nurhidayah, N., Putra, A., Putra, D. P., Fadhliah, M., & Rosyada, Y. A. (2022). Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Pluralisme Abdurahman Wahid (Gus Dur). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin, 2(2), 360–369.
Paalo, S. A. (2021). A systemic understanding of hybrid peace: an examination of hybrid political orders in African peace governance. African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review, 11(1), 1–31.
Ricca, M. (2023). Impossible Neutrality: Cultural Differences and the Anthropological Incompleteness of Western Secularization. In Intercultural Spaces of Law: Translating Invisibilities (pp. 29–124). Springer.
Sujana, I. P. W. M., & Suastika, I. N. (2019). Menggagas Penguatan Kajian Akhlak Kewarganegaraan (Civic Virtue) Perspektif Hindu Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural. Seminar Nasional Inovasi Dalam Penelitian Sains, Teknologi Dan Humaniora-InoBali, 1214–1224.
Tamanaha, B. Z. (2017). Understanding legal pluralism: past to present, local to global. In Legal theory and the social sciences (pp. 447–483). Routledge.
Thio, L. (2019). Irreducible Plurality, Indivisible Unity: Singapore Relational Constitutionalism and Cultivating Harmony Through Constructing a Constitutional Civil Religion. German Law Journal, 20(7), 1007–1034.
Toha, M., & Muna, F. (2022). Moderasi Islam Dan Aliran Pemikiran Pluralisme Agama. Journal of Education and Religious Studies, 2(01), 22–28.
von Benda-Beckmann, F., von Benda-Beckmann, K., & Bell, G. F. (2017). Legal pluralism and legal anthropology: Experiences from Indonesia. Pluralism, Transnationalism and Culture in Asian Law: A Book in Honour of MB Hooker, 70–89.
Zaeny, A. (2017). Diskursus Keberagamaan di Indonesia (Upaya melacak akar sejarah pemikiran umat). Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam.