Date Log
Submitted
November 18, 2020
Accepted
December 12, 2020
Published
December 15, 2020
The Moderatism and Religious Conservatism Problems in the Middle of Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Corresponding Author(s) : Abd Hannan
KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan, Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020): THE MODERATION OF RELIGION (SINTA 4)
Abstract
This study discusses the phenomenon of religious conservatism and strengthening of religious moderation in the midst of the global pandemic, Covid-19. There are three problems of the research focuses in this study, namely religious moderation, religious conservatism, and the Covid-19 itself. By using a qualitative research and analysis based on social theory, this study has two important findings. Firstly, one of the problems that has often hampered the agenda for dealing with Covid-19 in many countries in the world, including in Indonesia that comes from conservatism in the religious sector. Contrasting the handling of Covid-19 with religious texts so as to make the response to Covid-19 not optimal and ineffective. In addition, the idea of religious moderatism in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic requires three (3) things, they are the rationality, inclusivity, and contextually. Moderate in the rational sense means responding to Covid-19 with common sense and a logical attitude. It does not clash religion and science (medical), but puts them both in a dialogical and integrative manner. Meanwhile, being moderate in the sense of inclusion requires willingness and self-awareness to always take an active role. Comply with all forms of Covid-19 mitigation that have been mutually agreed upon based on consensus government policies. Moderatism in a contextual sense means that understanding Covid-19 requires comprehensive observation and attitude by considering its sociological aspects such as cultural dimensions, social systems and patterns of community interaction.
Hannan, A., Rahmawati, F., & Imam Khairi, A. . (2020). The Moderatism and Religious Conservatism Problems in the Middle of Covid-19 Pandemic Era. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 13(2), 167–197. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.iainpare.ac.id/index.php/kuriositas/article/view/1674
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References
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Burhani, A. N., & Simandjuntak, D. (2018). The Ma’ruf Amin Vice-presidential Candidacy: Enticing or Splitting Conservative Votes? ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, 51(2018), 8.
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Haryanto, E. (2019). Neo Sufisme dan Gerakan Sosial Agama-Politik di Madura. Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 3(1), 894–904.
Hilmy, M. (2009). Teologi Perlawanan,: Islamisme dan Diskursus Demokrasi di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru. Kanisius.
Hilmy, M. (2020, April 4). Sikap Ilmiah Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Kolom UINSA. https://w3.uinsby.ac.id/sikap-ilmiah-menghadapi-pandemi-covid-19/
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Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., & Shaman, J. (2020). Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Science, 368(6490), 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3221
Lvov, A. (2018). The burden of freedom: The doctrine of subject in Thomas Carlyle’s works. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 34. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2018.407
Martindale, D. (1964). Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective. Peter L. Berger. American Journal of Sociology, 70(1), 100–101. https://doi.org/10.1086/223750
Masruddin. (2020b, April 22). Penanganan Covid-19 Versus Anakronisme Perspektif Sosial Budaya dan Konstruksi Pemahaman Keagamaan. Tribun Timur. https://makassar.tribunnews.com/2020/04/22/penanganan-covid-19-versus-anakronisme-perspektif-sosial-budaya-dan-konstruksi-pemahaman-keagamaan
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News & Information. (n.d.). Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Retrieved 4 July 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/news
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Pribadi, Y. (2013). Religious Networks in Madura: Pesantren, Nahdlatul Ulama, and Kiai as the Core of Santri Culture. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 51(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2013.511.1-32
Rahman, A., & Sarkar, A. (2019). Risk Factors for Fatal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of the WHO Line List, 2013–2018. American Journal of Public Health, 109(9), 1288–1293. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305186
Rina, R. (2020, February 11). Terawan: Corona tak Masuk RI, Itu Berkat yang Maha Kuasa. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200211162800-4-137044/terawan-corona-tak-masuk-ri-itu-berkat-yang-maha-kuasa
Schnake-Mahl, A. S., Carty, M. G., & Sierra, G. (2020). Identifying Patients with Increased Risk of Severe Covid-19 Complications: Building an Actionable Rules-Based Model for Care Teams. NEJM Group, 13.
Shi, Z., & Hu, Z. (2008). A Review of Studies on Animal Reservoirs of The SARS Coronavirus. Virus Research, 133(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.012
Siswanto. (2020). The Islamic Moderation Values on the Islamic Education Curriculum in Indonesia: A Content Analysis. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 121–152. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2019.81.121-152
Sitompul, E. M. (1989). Nahdlatul Ulama dan Pancasila. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Syarif, Z., & Hannan, A. (2020). Kearifan Lokal Pesantren sebagai Bangunan Ideal Moderasi Islam Masyarakat Madura. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 14(2), 220–240. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2020.14.2.220-240
Welle, D. (2020, April 1). Tolak Karantina, Pemerintah Pakistan Gugup Hadapi Ulama. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/dw/d-4961226/tolak-karantina-pemerintah-pakistan-gugup-hadapi-ulama
Williams, N. (2020). Social Distancing in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Occupational Medicine, kqaa072. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa072
Worldometer. (2020c, October 28). United States Coronavirus: 9,034,232 Cases and 232,014 Deaths. Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/
Yu, P., Zhu, J., Zhang, Z., & Han, Y. (2020). Substantial Undocumented Infection Facilitates the Rapid Dissemination of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(11), 1757–1761. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa077
Yuniar, R. W. (2020, September 22). Indonesia Kembali Diprediksi Dekati Jurang Resesi, ‘Teritori Negatif Akan Terjadi di Kuartal Tiga dan Mungkin Kuartal Empat’. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-53152994
References
aljazeera.com. (2020, March 5). Coronavirus is Changing the Way Muslims Worship Across the World. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/muslims-advised-stop-coronavirus-spread-200304160256140.html
Alwi, H. (2007). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka.
Amante, A. (2020, June 9). Over Half of People Tested In Italy’s Bergamo Have Covid-19 Antibodies. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/09/over-half-of-people-tested-in-italys-bergamo-have-covid-19-antibodies.html
Azizah, N. (2020, March 17). WHO: Social Distancing Saja tak Cukup. Republika Online. https://republika.co.id/berita/q7bn3g463/who-emsocial-distancingem-saja-tak-cukup
Azra, A. (2019, August 1). Konservatisme Agama. Republika Online. https://republika.co.id/berita/pvistt282/konservatisme-agama-1
Barton, G., & Fealy, G. (1996). “Introduction”. In Nahdlatul Ulama, Traditional Islam and Modernity in Indonesia, edited by Greg Barton and Greg Fealy. Monash Asia Institute, Monash University.
BBC News. (2020a, March 19). Ijtima di Gowa dan penahbisan uskup di Ruteng, Presiden Jokowi evaluasi acara keagamaan. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-51956103
Belarminus, R. (2020, March 19). Ini Alasan Misa Penahbisan Uskup Ruteng Tak Bisa Ditunda. KOMPAS.com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/19/12213691/ini-alasan-misa-penahbisan-uskup-ruteng-tak-bisa-ditunda
Burhani, A. N. (2018). Islam Nusantara as a Promising Response to Religious Intolerance and Radicalism. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
Burhani, A. N. (2019). Lessons from Madura: NU, Conservatism and the 2019 Presidential Election. 2019, 9.
Burhani, A. N., & Simandjuntak, D. (2018). The Ma’ruf Amin Vice-presidential Candidacy: Enticing or Splitting Conservative Votes? ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, 51(2018), 8.
Carvalho Aguiar Melo, M., & de Sousa Soares, D. (2020). Impact of social distancing on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An urgent discussion. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 002076402092704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927047
Chopra, A. (2020, June 16). Saudi Faces Perilous Haj Call as Virus Spikes. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/16/saudi-faces-perilous-haj-call-as-virus-spikes.html
Cook, T. M. (2020). Personal Protective Equipment During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID) 2019 Pandemic–a Narrative Review. Anaesthesia, 75(7), 920–927. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15071
Dariyanto, E. (2020, March 22). Peringatan Isra Mikraj 1441 H di Tengah Wabah Virus Corona, Apa Hikmahnya? detiknews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4948724/peringatan-isra-mikraj-1441-h-di-tengah-wabah-virus-corona-apa-hikmahnya
Departemen Pendidikan dan kebudayaan. (1999). Kamus Besar bahasa Indonesia (Edisi Kedua). Balai Pustaka.
Diah, S. R. (2020, May 18). Terpukul Virus Corona, Jepang Alami Resesi Ekonomi. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/05/18/122555526/terpukul-virus-corona-jepang-alami-resesi-ekonomi?page=all
Fahri, M., & Zainuri, A. (2019). Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. 25(2), 6.
Ghufron, F. (2020, March 18). Virus Korona dan Teologi Kemaslahatan. JawaPos.com. https://www.jawapos.com/opini/18/03/2020/virus-korona-dan-teologi-kemaslahatan/
Hamid, A. R. A. H. (2020). Social Responsibility of Medical Journal: A Concern for Covid-19 Pandemic. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 29(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.ed.204629
Hannan, A., & Muhaimin, W. (2020). Teologi Kemaslahatan Social-Phsycal Distancing dalam Penanggulangan Covid-19. 13(1), 25.
Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid – 19 terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. EduPsyCoun Journal, 2(1), 8.
Haryanto, E. (2019). Neo Sufisme dan Gerakan Sosial Agama-Politik di Madura. Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 3(1), 894–904.
Hilmy, M. (2009). Teologi Perlawanan,: Islamisme dan Diskursus Demokrasi di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru. Kanisius.
Hilmy, M. (2020, April 4). Sikap Ilmiah Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Kolom UINSA. https://w3.uinsby.ac.id/sikap-ilmiah-menghadapi-pandemi-covid-19/
Ichsan, A. S. (2020, April 11). Tiga Hadist tentang Thaun yang Mesti Anda Ketahui. Republika Online. https://republika.co.id/share/q8mbkw483
Iswara, A. J. (2020, March 15). Virus Corona Menyebar dari Tabligh Akbar, Malaysia Umumkan 190 Kasus Baru. KOMPAS.com. https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/03/15/180803970/virus-corona-menyebar-dari-tabligh-akbar-malaysia-umumkan-190-kasus-baru
Konservatisme Agama dan Penyebaran Korona. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 October 2020, from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/299238-konservatisme-agama-dan-penyebaran-korona
Lazarus, N. (2020, April 26). Coronavirus: Millions in India Facing Hunger During COVID-19 Lockdown Measures. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-millions-of-indians-facing-hunger-during-covid-19-lockdown-measures-11978857
Lesmana, A. S. (2020, March 17). 32 Warga di Klaten ODP Virus Corona, Mayoritas Jemaah Pulang Umrah. suara.com. https://jateng.suara.com/read/2020/03/17/140328/32-warga-di-klaten-odp-virus-corona-mayoritas-jemaah-pulang-umrah
Li, J., Fink, J. B., & Ehrmann, S. (2020). High-Flow Nasal Cannula for COVID-19 Patients: Low Risk of Bio-Aerosol Dispersion. European Respiratory Journal, 55(5), 2000892. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00892-2020
Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., & Shaman, J. (2020). Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Science, 368(6490), 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3221
Lvov, A. (2018). The burden of freedom: The doctrine of subject in Thomas Carlyle’s works. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 34. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2018.407
Martindale, D. (1964). Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective. Peter L. Berger. American Journal of Sociology, 70(1), 100–101. https://doi.org/10.1086/223750
Masruddin. (2020b, April 22). Penanganan Covid-19 Versus Anakronisme Perspektif Sosial Budaya dan Konstruksi Pemahaman Keagamaan. Tribun Timur. https://makassar.tribunnews.com/2020/04/22/penanganan-covid-19-versus-anakronisme-perspektif-sosial-budaya-dan-konstruksi-pemahaman-keagamaan
MUI. (2020, March 17). Fatwa No 14 Tahun 2020 –Penyelenggaraan Ibadah dalam Situasi Terjadi Wabah Covid-19. Majelis Ulama Indonesia. https://mui.or.id/berita/27674/fatwa-penyelenggaraan-ibadah-dalam-situasi-terjadi-wabah-covid-19/
News & Information. (n.d.). Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Retrieved 4 July 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/news
Pandia, A. S. (2020, March 22). Upacara Melasti di Petirtaan Jolotundo Mojokerto Berlangsung Singkat. Kompas.Id. https://kompas.id/baca/nusantara/2020/03/22/upacara-melasti-di-pentirtaan-jolotundo-mojokerto-berlangsung-singkat/
Perdanakusuma. (2020, March 31). Menyikapi Kontroversi Informasi Ilmiah Covid-19. Suara Merdeka News. https://suaramerdeka.news/menyikapi-kontroversi-informasi-ilmiah-covid-19/
Prem, K., Liu, Y., Russell, T. W., Kucharski, A. J., Eggo, R. M., Davies, N., Jit, M., Klepac, P., Flasche, S., Clifford, S., Pearson, C. A. B., Munday, J. D., Abbott, S., Gibbs, H., Rosello, A., Quilty, B. J., Jombart, T., Sun, F., Diamond, C., … Hellewell, J. (2020). The Effect of Control Strategies to Reduce Social Mixing On Outcomes of the Covid-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China: A Modelling Study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e261–e270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30073-6
Pribadi, Y. (2013). Religious Networks in Madura: Pesantren, Nahdlatul Ulama, and Kiai as the Core of Santri Culture. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 51(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2013.511.1-32
Rahman, A., & Sarkar, A. (2019). Risk Factors for Fatal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of the WHO Line List, 2013–2018. American Journal of Public Health, 109(9), 1288–1293. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305186
Rina, R. (2020, February 11). Terawan: Corona tak Masuk RI, Itu Berkat yang Maha Kuasa. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200211162800-4-137044/terawan-corona-tak-masuk-ri-itu-berkat-yang-maha-kuasa
Schnake-Mahl, A. S., Carty, M. G., & Sierra, G. (2020). Identifying Patients with Increased Risk of Severe Covid-19 Complications: Building an Actionable Rules-Based Model for Care Teams. NEJM Group, 13.
Shi, Z., & Hu, Z. (2008). A Review of Studies on Animal Reservoirs of The SARS Coronavirus. Virus Research, 133(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.012
Siswanto. (2020). The Islamic Moderation Values on the Islamic Education Curriculum in Indonesia: A Content Analysis. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 121–152. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2019.81.121-152
Sitompul, E. M. (1989). Nahdlatul Ulama dan Pancasila. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Syarif, Z., & Hannan, A. (2020). Kearifan Lokal Pesantren sebagai Bangunan Ideal Moderasi Islam Masyarakat Madura. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 14(2), 220–240. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2020.14.2.220-240
Welle, D. (2020, April 1). Tolak Karantina, Pemerintah Pakistan Gugup Hadapi Ulama. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/dw/d-4961226/tolak-karantina-pemerintah-pakistan-gugup-hadapi-ulama
Williams, N. (2020). Social Distancing in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Occupational Medicine, kqaa072. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa072
Worldometer. (2020c, October 28). United States Coronavirus: 9,034,232 Cases and 232,014 Deaths. Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/
Yu, P., Zhu, J., Zhang, Z., & Han, Y. (2020). Substantial Undocumented Infection Facilitates the Rapid Dissemination of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 221(11), 1757–1761. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa077
Yuniar, R. W. (2020, September 22). Indonesia Kembali Diprediksi Dekati Jurang Resesi, ‘Teritori Negatif Akan Terjadi di Kuartal Tiga dan Mungkin Kuartal Empat’. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-53152994
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