Date Log
Submitted
March 11, 2022
Accepted
December 12, 2022
Published
December 12, 2022
The Hadith Interpretations of Radical-Terrorist Groups
(Reconstructing the Concepts of Caliphate, Jihad, Hijrah, Faith, and the End of Time)
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Najih Arromadloni
KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2022): Kuriositas: Media Komunikasi Sosial dan Keagamaan (Sinta 3)
Abstract
Radical groups were known to deconstruct the meaning of hadith, especially those related to the themes of the caliphate, jihad, hijrah, faith, and the end of time. They put aside the context of the background of the hadith so that it only clumped up as a text without having a fundamental historical basis. The pattern of understanding applied was also contrary to the principal rules of hadith studies which were well-known among scholars and hadith reviewers. The four radical groups examined in this study were the Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM), Hizb al-Tahrir (HT), Al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Despite having different characteristics of thought and movement, the four radical-terrorist groups had similarities in terms of exploiting the meaning and function of hadith to legitimize their acts of terror. The findings in this study confirmed the views of scholars who argued that understanding of hadith could be reduced by the interests and problems of power politics that were increasingly complex from time to time.
Keywords
HadithInterpretationRadicalismTerrorismPower Politics
Arromadloni, M. N., Al Munawar, S. A. H., & Mansurnoor, I. A. (2022). The Hadith Interpretations of Radical-Terrorist Groups: (Reconstructing the Concepts of Caliphate, Jihad, Hijrah, Faith, and the End of Time). KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 15(2), 218–246. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v15i2.2628
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References
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Akyol, M. (2011). Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty. W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.
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Hiban, I. (n.d.). Sahih Ibn Hibban.
Hidayat, K. (2014). Kontroversi Khilafah. Mizan.
Huda, M. K. (2015). Hadis, Salafisme, dan Global Terorisme. Jurnal of Quran and Hadith Studies, 4(1).
Ichsan, A. S., & Fathurrahman, F. (2019). Reviewing Islamic Education Curriculum in the Perspective of the Khilafah State System. AL-FURQAN, VIII(1), 1–14. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/sasambo/index.php/alfurqan/article/view/3653
Ichsan, A. S. (2019). Konstruksi Pendidikan Relasi Kiai dan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Lintang Songo Piyungan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 11, (1), 199-221, http://ejournal.iaida.ac.id/index.php/darussalam/article/view/458. doi: https://doi.org/10.30739/darussalam.v11i1.458.
Jauzi, I. (2005). Zadul Masir (3rd ed.). Dar al-Fikr.
Jones, S. (2014). The Evolution of ISIS in Indonesia. IPAC Report, 13, 18.
Kassim, A. (2015). Defining and Understanding the Religious Philosophy of jihādī-Salafism and the Ideology of Boko Haram. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 16(2–3), 173–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2015.1074896
Khaldun, I. (2003). Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Long, J. M., & Wilner, A. S. (2014). Delegitimizing al-Qaida: Defeating an “Army Whose Men Love Death.” International Security, 39(1), 126–164. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_A_00167
Mamdud, R. (2018). Genealogi Gerakan Ikhwan al Muslimin dan Al Qaeda di Timur Tengah. ICMES, 2(1).
Matusitz, J. (2013). Terrorism and Communication: A Critical Introduction. In Sage. Sage Publication Ltd.
Moleong, L. J. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mundzir, C., Arif, M., & Syatar, A. (2021). The Integration of Islam with the Local Culture of Tanete Kingdom (a Cultural Approach to the Historical Study). KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 14(2), 137–160. https://doi.org/10.35905/KUR.V14I2.2120
Qutb, S. (n.d.-a). Limaadza A’damuuni.
Qutb, S. (n.d.-b). Ma’alim Fi at-Tariq.
Qutb, S. (n.d.-c). Tafsir fi Zilal al-Quran (3rd ed.).
Qutb, S. (1979). Ma’alim Fi at-Tariq. Dar al-Shuruq.
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Shaffat, I. (2021). Scientific Analysis Methods of Islamic Law in Contemporary Studies. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 29(1), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v29.1.3599
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (22nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Sulaiman, A. D. (n.d.). Sunan Abu Dawud (Juz 3). al-Maktabah al-‘Ishriyah.
Suwendra, W. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Ilmu Sosial, Pendidikan, Kebudayaan. Nila Cakra.
Tammulis, & Arsyad, A. (2021). Kisah Israiliyat dalam tafsir Ibn Katsir (Analisis Penelusuran Surat Al-Baqarah). Al-Afkar: Journal For Islamic Studies, 4(2), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.31943/AFKARJOURNAL.V4I2.228
Taymiyah, T. bin. (1998). Naqd Maratib al-Ijma’. Dar Ibn Hazm.
Thahhan, M. (2014). Taisir Mustalah al-Hadith. Dar al-Thqafah al-Islamiyah.
Umar, N. (2014). Deradikalisasi Pemahaman Al-Qur‘an dan Hadis. Elex Media Komputindo.
Wibowo, P., & Hapsari, R. D. (2020). Ancaman Terorisme Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Pasca Fase “Khilafah.” Jurnal Studi Diplomasi Dan Keamanan, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.31315/JSDK.V12I1.3216
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References
Abdullah, A. R. (2014). Perang Akhir Zaman. Tim Alwan.
Akyol, M. (2011). Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty. W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.
Al-Amin, A. R. (2017). Khilafah HTI dalam Timbangan. Pustaka Harakatuna.
Al-Asfihani, R. al-H. bin M. (n.d.). Mufradat al-Quran fi Gharib al-Qur’an. Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Bagawi, A. M. (1983). Syarh al-Sunnah. al-Maktab al-Islami.
Al-Bukhari, A. ‘Abdillah M. ibn I. (1987). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dār Ibn Kathir.
Al-Buthi, M. S. R. (1993). al-Jihad fi al-Islam. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Darimi. (n.d.). Sunan (Juz 2).
Al-Darimi, A. M. ‘Abdullah ibn A. al-R. (2004). Sunan al-Darimi. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Haq, J. (n.d.). Naqd al-Faridah al-Ghaibah.
Al-Hind, M. (1985). Kanz al-‘Ummal fi Sunan al-Aqwal wa al-Af‘al. Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Idlibi, S. al-D. (n.d.). Ahadith Fadail al-Sham: Dirasah Naqdiyah.
Al-Khathib, M. ‘Ajjaj. (1975). Usul al-Hadith ‘Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Khatib, M. ‘Ajjaj. (1997). al-Sunnah Qabl al-Tadwiin,. Darul Fikr.
Al-Nabhani, T. al-D. (2002). al-Dawlah al-Islamiyah. Dar al-Ummah.
Al-Naisabūrī, A. al-H. M. ibn al-H. (n.d.). Sahih Muslim. Dār Ihyā al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Al-Qurtubi, A. A. M. bin A. (2008). al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran. Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Al-Suyuti, J. al-D. (2009). al-Siraj al-Munir fi Tartib Ahadith Sahih al-Jami’ al-Saghir. Dar al-Sadiq.
Al-Zarqani, M. A. ‘Abdillah. (n.d.). Sharh al-Zarqani ‘Ala al-Manzumah al-Baiquniyyah. Mua‘ssasah al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah.
Anas, M. bin. (n.d.). Muwatha. al-Maktabah al-Ilmiyah.
Azami, M. M. (2008). Hadis Nabi dan Sejarah Kodifikasinya. Pustaka Firdaus.
Azzam, A. (2002). al-Khilafah wa Binauha (Runtuhnya Khilafah dan Upaya Menegakkannya). Pustaka al-‘Alaq.
Byman, D. (2015). Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. Oxford University Press.
Dabiq. (n.d.-a). Ramadan.
Dabiq. (n.d.-b). Zulqa’dah.
Dauda, K. O. (2020). Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 8(2), 257–292. https://doi.org/10.21043/QIJIS.V8I2.6811
El-Guyanie, G. (2010). Resolusi Jihad Paling Syar‘i. Pustaka Pesantren.
Ennis, S. (2011). Religion, Spirituality and the Refugee Experience [RMIT University].
Ghony, M. D., & Almanshur, F. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Ar-Ruzz Media.
Gurr, Nadine., & Cole, B. (2002). The New Face of Terrorism: Threats from Weapons of Mass Destruction. I.B. Tauris.
Hajjaj, M. ibn. (2006). Sahih Muslim. Dar Taybah.
Hanbal, A. ibn. (n.d.). Musnad (Juz 1).
Hanbal, A. bin. (2001). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad (Juz 9). Muassasat al-Risalah.
Haripin, M., Anindya, C. R., & Priamarizki, A. (2020). The Politics of Counter-Terrorism in Post-Authoritarian States: Indonesia’s Experience, 1998–2018. Defense & Security Analysis, 36(3), 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2020.1790807
Hasan, H. I. (1953). al-Nuzum al-Islamiyah. Wizarah al-Maarif al-Umumiyah.
Hasanzadeh, S., & Renani, A. A. (2021). A Peaceful Interpretation of Jihad in the Qur’an. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1935716
Hiban, I. (n.d.). Sahih Ibn Hibban.
Hidayat, K. (2014). Kontroversi Khilafah. Mizan.
Huda, M. K. (2015). Hadis, Salafisme, dan Global Terorisme. Jurnal of Quran and Hadith Studies, 4(1).
Ichsan, A. S., & Fathurrahman, F. (2019). Reviewing Islamic Education Curriculum in the Perspective of the Khilafah State System. AL-FURQAN, VIII(1), 1–14. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/sasambo/index.php/alfurqan/article/view/3653
Ichsan, A. S. (2019). Konstruksi Pendidikan Relasi Kiai dan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Lintang Songo Piyungan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 11, (1), 199-221, http://ejournal.iaida.ac.id/index.php/darussalam/article/view/458. doi: https://doi.org/10.30739/darussalam.v11i1.458.
Jauzi, I. (2005). Zadul Masir (3rd ed.). Dar al-Fikr.
Jones, S. (2014). The Evolution of ISIS in Indonesia. IPAC Report, 13, 18.
Kassim, A. (2015). Defining and Understanding the Religious Philosophy of jihādī-Salafism and the Ideology of Boko Haram. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 16(2–3), 173–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2015.1074896
Khaldun, I. (2003). Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Long, J. M., & Wilner, A. S. (2014). Delegitimizing al-Qaida: Defeating an “Army Whose Men Love Death.” International Security, 39(1), 126–164. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_A_00167
Mamdud, R. (2018). Genealogi Gerakan Ikhwan al Muslimin dan Al Qaeda di Timur Tengah. ICMES, 2(1).
Matusitz, J. (2013). Terrorism and Communication: A Critical Introduction. In Sage. Sage Publication Ltd.
Moleong, L. J. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mundzir, C., Arif, M., & Syatar, A. (2021). The Integration of Islam with the Local Culture of Tanete Kingdom (a Cultural Approach to the Historical Study). KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 14(2), 137–160. https://doi.org/10.35905/KUR.V14I2.2120
Qutb, S. (n.d.-a). Limaadza A’damuuni.
Qutb, S. (n.d.-b). Ma’alim Fi at-Tariq.
Qutb, S. (n.d.-c). Tafsir fi Zilal al-Quran (3rd ed.).
Qutb, S. (1979). Ma’alim Fi at-Tariq. Dar al-Shuruq.
RI, K. (2020). Konferensi Internasional Al Azhar Hasilkan 29 Rumusan Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam. Kemenag RI. https://kemenag.go.id/read/konferensi-internasional-al-azhar-hasilkan-29-rumusan-pembaharuan-pemikiran-islam-ggenk
Rizky, M. (2019). BNPT Ungkap 4 Kriteria Orang Terpapar Paham Radikal. Okezon.Com. https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2019/11/26/337/2134712/bnpt-ungkap-4-kriteria-orang-terpapar-paham-radikal
Romli, M. G. (2001). Membongkar Mitos Sejarah: Konflik Sosial dan Agama. Tashwirul Afkar Lakpesdam.
Schmid, A. P. (2015). Challenging the Narrative of the “Islamic State". International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29429?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Shaffat, I. (2021). Scientific Analysis Methods of Islamic Law in Contemporary Studies. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 29(1), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v29.1.3599
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (22nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Sulaiman, A. D. (n.d.). Sunan Abu Dawud (Juz 3). al-Maktabah al-‘Ishriyah.
Suwendra, W. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Ilmu Sosial, Pendidikan, Kebudayaan. Nila Cakra.
Tammulis, & Arsyad, A. (2021). Kisah Israiliyat dalam tafsir Ibn Katsir (Analisis Penelusuran Surat Al-Baqarah). Al-Afkar: Journal For Islamic Studies, 4(2), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.31943/AFKARJOURNAL.V4I2.228
Taymiyah, T. bin. (1998). Naqd Maratib al-Ijma’. Dar Ibn Hazm.
Thahhan, M. (2014). Taisir Mustalah al-Hadith. Dar al-Thqafah al-Islamiyah.
Umar, N. (2014). Deradikalisasi Pemahaman Al-Qur‘an dan Hadis. Elex Media Komputindo.
Wibowo, P., & Hapsari, R. D. (2020). Ancaman Terorisme Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Pasca Fase “Khilafah.” Jurnal Studi Diplomasi Dan Keamanan, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.31315/JSDK.V12I1.3216
Zallum, A. al-Q. (2002). Nizam al-Hukm fi al-Islam. Dar al-Ummah.
Akyol, M. (2011). Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty. W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.
Al-Amin, A. R. (2017). Khilafah HTI dalam Timbangan. Pustaka Harakatuna.
Al-Asfihani, R. al-H. bin M. (n.d.). Mufradat al-Quran fi Gharib al-Qur’an. Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Bagawi, A. M. (1983). Syarh al-Sunnah. al-Maktab al-Islami.
Al-Bukhari, A. ‘Abdillah M. ibn I. (1987). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dār Ibn Kathir.
Al-Buthi, M. S. R. (1993). al-Jihad fi al-Islam. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Darimi. (n.d.). Sunan (Juz 2).
Al-Darimi, A. M. ‘Abdullah ibn A. al-R. (2004). Sunan al-Darimi. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Haq, J. (n.d.). Naqd al-Faridah al-Ghaibah.
Al-Hind, M. (1985). Kanz al-‘Ummal fi Sunan al-Aqwal wa al-Af‘al. Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Idlibi, S. al-D. (n.d.). Ahadith Fadail al-Sham: Dirasah Naqdiyah.
Al-Khathib, M. ‘Ajjaj. (1975). Usul al-Hadith ‘Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu. Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Khatib, M. ‘Ajjaj. (1997). al-Sunnah Qabl al-Tadwiin,. Darul Fikr.
Al-Nabhani, T. al-D. (2002). al-Dawlah al-Islamiyah. Dar al-Ummah.
Al-Naisabūrī, A. al-H. M. ibn al-H. (n.d.). Sahih Muslim. Dār Ihyā al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Al-Qurtubi, A. A. M. bin A. (2008). al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran. Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Al-Suyuti, J. al-D. (2009). al-Siraj al-Munir fi Tartib Ahadith Sahih al-Jami’ al-Saghir. Dar al-Sadiq.
Al-Zarqani, M. A. ‘Abdillah. (n.d.). Sharh al-Zarqani ‘Ala al-Manzumah al-Baiquniyyah. Mua‘ssasah al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah.
Anas, M. bin. (n.d.). Muwatha. al-Maktabah al-Ilmiyah.
Azami, M. M. (2008). Hadis Nabi dan Sejarah Kodifikasinya. Pustaka Firdaus.
Azzam, A. (2002). al-Khilafah wa Binauha (Runtuhnya Khilafah dan Upaya Menegakkannya). Pustaka al-‘Alaq.
Byman, D. (2015). Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. Oxford University Press.
Dabiq. (n.d.-a). Ramadan.
Dabiq. (n.d.-b). Zulqa’dah.
Dauda, K. O. (2020). Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 8(2), 257–292. https://doi.org/10.21043/QIJIS.V8I2.6811
El-Guyanie, G. (2010). Resolusi Jihad Paling Syar‘i. Pustaka Pesantren.
Ennis, S. (2011). Religion, Spirituality and the Refugee Experience [RMIT University].
Ghony, M. D., & Almanshur, F. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Ar-Ruzz Media.
Gurr, Nadine., & Cole, B. (2002). The New Face of Terrorism: Threats from Weapons of Mass Destruction. I.B. Tauris.
Hajjaj, M. ibn. (2006). Sahih Muslim. Dar Taybah.
Hanbal, A. ibn. (n.d.). Musnad (Juz 1).
Hanbal, A. bin. (2001). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad (Juz 9). Muassasat al-Risalah.
Haripin, M., Anindya, C. R., & Priamarizki, A. (2020). The Politics of Counter-Terrorism in Post-Authoritarian States: Indonesia’s Experience, 1998–2018. Defense & Security Analysis, 36(3), 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2020.1790807
Hasan, H. I. (1953). al-Nuzum al-Islamiyah. Wizarah al-Maarif al-Umumiyah.
Hasanzadeh, S., & Renani, A. A. (2021). A Peaceful Interpretation of Jihad in the Qur’an. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1935716
Hiban, I. (n.d.). Sahih Ibn Hibban.
Hidayat, K. (2014). Kontroversi Khilafah. Mizan.
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