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Abstract
One of the most contentious and widely discussed studies in Second language acquisition (SLA) theories is the study of morpheme order, which is then renowned as the natural order. As the study generates a number of supports, this paper critically reviews the studies of natural order and presents three major antithetical views against the existing beliefs: the ignorance of other linguistic phenomena, the claim that accuracy is equal to acquisition, and the fatal flaw of overlooking the influence of L1 on L2.
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References
- Brown, R. (1973). A First Language. A First Language. https://doi.org/10.4159/HARVARD.9780674732469/HTML
- Burt, M., & Dulay, H. (1978). Some Guidelines for the Assessment of Oral Language Proficiency and Dominance. TESOL Quarterly, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3585608
- de Villiers, J. G., & de Villiers, P. A. (1973). A cross-sectional study of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in child speech. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067106
- Dulay, H. C., & Burt, M. K. (1973). SHOULD WE TEACH CHILDREN SYNTAX? Language Learning, 23(2), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1973.TB00659.X
- Dulay, H. C., & Burt, M. K. (1974). NATURAL SEQUENCES IN CHILD SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION1. Language Learning, 24(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1974.TB00234.X
- Fathman, A. (1975). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND SECOND LANGUAGE PRODUCTIVE ABILITY. Language Learning, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00244.x
- Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
- Hakuta, K. (1976). A CASE STUDY OF A JAPANESE CHILD LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE1,2. Language Learning, 26(2), 321–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1976.TB00280.X
- Kessler, C., & Idar, I. (1979). Acquisition of English by a Vietnamese Mother and Child. Working Papers on Bilingualims, No. 18. Bilingual Education Project, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor St. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M58 1V6.
- Krahnke, K. J., & Krashen, S. D. (1983). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3586656
- Krashen, S. D. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and implications. Longman.
- Kwon, E.-Y. (2005). The “Natural Order” of morpheme acquisition: A historical survey and discussion of three putative determinants. 5(1). https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D85M658Q
- Makino, T. (1979). English morpheme acquisition order of Japanese secondary school students. https://search.proquest.com/openview/75ec4eb0f70eade4894a0dd1a1cbc00e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
- McLaughlin, M. W., & Shields, P. M. (1987). Involving Low-Income Parents in the Schools: A Role for Policy?. Phi Delta Kappan, 69(2).
- Perkins, K., & Freeman, D. L. (1975). THE EFFECT OF FORMAL LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION ON THE ORDER OF MORPHEME ACQUISITION. Language Learning, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00243.x
- Pica, T. (1988). Interlanguage Adjustments as an Outcome of NS‐NNS Negotiated Interaction. Language Learning, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00401.x
- Slager, W. R., & as a Second Language Staff, U. E. (1974). Workpapers in Teaching English as a Second Language. The Modern Language Journal, 58(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/323846
- Tarone, E. (1980). COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES, FOREIGNER TALK, AND REPAIR IN INTERLANGUAGE. Language Learning, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1980.tb00326.x
- Zobl, H., & Liceras, J. (1994). Functional Categories and Acquisition Orders. Language Learning, 44(1), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1994.TB01452.X
References
Brown, R. (1973). A First Language. A First Language. https://doi.org/10.4159/HARVARD.9780674732469/HTML
Burt, M., & Dulay, H. (1978). Some Guidelines for the Assessment of Oral Language Proficiency and Dominance. TESOL Quarterly, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3585608
de Villiers, J. G., & de Villiers, P. A. (1973). A cross-sectional study of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in child speech. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067106
Dulay, H. C., & Burt, M. K. (1973). SHOULD WE TEACH CHILDREN SYNTAX? Language Learning, 23(2), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1973.TB00659.X
Dulay, H. C., & Burt, M. K. (1974). NATURAL SEQUENCES IN CHILD SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION1. Language Learning, 24(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1974.TB00234.X
Fathman, A. (1975). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND SECOND LANGUAGE PRODUCTIVE ABILITY. Language Learning, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00244.x
Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
Hakuta, K. (1976). A CASE STUDY OF A JAPANESE CHILD LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE1,2. Language Learning, 26(2), 321–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1976.TB00280.X
Kessler, C., & Idar, I. (1979). Acquisition of English by a Vietnamese Mother and Child. Working Papers on Bilingualims, No. 18. Bilingual Education Project, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor St. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M58 1V6.
Krahnke, K. J., & Krashen, S. D. (1983). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/3586656
Krashen, S. D. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and implications. Longman.
Kwon, E.-Y. (2005). The “Natural Order” of morpheme acquisition: A historical survey and discussion of three putative determinants. 5(1). https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D85M658Q
Makino, T. (1979). English morpheme acquisition order of Japanese secondary school students. https://search.proquest.com/openview/75ec4eb0f70eade4894a0dd1a1cbc00e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
McLaughlin, M. W., & Shields, P. M. (1987). Involving Low-Income Parents in the Schools: A Role for Policy?. Phi Delta Kappan, 69(2).
Perkins, K., & Freeman, D. L. (1975). THE EFFECT OF FORMAL LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION ON THE ORDER OF MORPHEME ACQUISITION. Language Learning, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00243.x
Pica, T. (1988). Interlanguage Adjustments as an Outcome of NS‐NNS Negotiated Interaction. Language Learning, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00401.x
Slager, W. R., & as a Second Language Staff, U. E. (1974). Workpapers in Teaching English as a Second Language. The Modern Language Journal, 58(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/323846
Tarone, E. (1980). COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES, FOREIGNER TALK, AND REPAIR IN INTERLANGUAGE. Language Learning, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1980.tb00326.x
Zobl, H., & Liceras, J. (1994). Functional Categories and Acquisition Orders. Language Learning, 44(1), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1994.TB01452.X

