Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as an innovative approach to enhance language learning among vocational school students. Conventional teaching methods often struggle to engage learners with low motivation, which can hinder their language development and reduce long-term learning outcomes. By integrating AR into classroom practice, this research seeks to bridge that gap by fostering student motivation, engagement, and proficiency. The study employed a pre-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention assessments to evaluate the impact of AR implementation. Findings demonstrate that AR contributed to substantial improvements in students’ language competence, moving learners from basic to more advanced levels of proficiency while also stimulating their interest and participation in learning activities. These outcomes highlight the potential of AR as a complementary tool within vocational education, offering opportunities to strengthen both linguistic skills and student attitudes toward language learning. The study suggests that embedding AR in pedagogical practice can create more inclusive and interactive environments, paving the way for future research on sustainable integration of technology in language education.
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References
- Agust, D., & Shanahan, T. (2017). Developing Literacy in Second-Language Learners (D. August & T. Shanahan, Eds.; 1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315094922
- Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Walker, D. A. (2014). Introduction to Research in Education (Ninth Edit). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Cen, L., Ruta, D., Al Qassem, L. M. M. S., & Ng, J. (2020). Augmented Immersive Reality (AIR) for Improved Learning Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 13(2), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2019.2937525
- Dervin, F., Moloney, R., & Simpson, A. (2020). Intercultural competence in the work of teachers : confronting ideologies and practices. Routledge.
- Fan, M., Antle, A. N., & Warren, J. L. (2020). Augmented Reality for Early Language Learning: A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Application Design, Instructional Strategies, and Evaluation Outcomes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(6), 1059–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120927489
- Gaikwad, P., & Mulay, Mrs. N. (2024b). Study of Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality Technology in Education System. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 08(09), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM37623
- Halkias, D., Neubert, M., Thurman, P. W., & Harkiolakis, N. (2022). The Multiple Case Study Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003244936
- Herlandy, P., Azim, F., & Majid, N. (2020). The effectiveness of Augmented Reality based Learning on Vocational Competencies of Vocational School Students. Edumatic: Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika, 4(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.29408/edumatic.v4i2.2653
- Kim, S., Raza, M., & Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214
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- Liu, K., & Dr. Erna A. Lahoz. (2024). Impact of Learning Styles on Students’ Retention of Information. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 17(1), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.54097/0qpvve72
- Marrahi-Gomez, V., & Belda-Medina, J. (2024). Assessing the effect of Augmented Reality on English language learning and student motivation in secondary education. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1359692
- Maxwell, S. E., Delaney, H. D., & Kelley, K. (2017). Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315642956
- McGrew, S., Smith, M., Breakstone, J., Ortega, T., & Wineburg, S. (2019). Improving university students’ web savvy: An intervention study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12279
- Nassaji, H. (2020). Good qualitative research. Language Teaching Research, 24(4), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820941288
- Rabgay, T. (2018). The effect of using cooperative learning method on tenth grade students’ learning achievement and attitude towards biology. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11218a
- Rafiqa, S., & De Vega, N. (2025). Collaborative Model in Teaching Linguistics (A Grounded Theory Study at Universitas Borneo Tarakan). Linguistics and ELT Journal, 12(2), 213–225.
- Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., & Abdullah, N. A. (2021). An Approach for Scaffolding Students Peer-Learning Self-Regulation Strategy in the Online Component of Blended Learning. IEEE Access, 9, 30721–30738. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3059916
- Shekhar, P., Prince, M., Finelli, C., Demonbrun, M., & Waters, C. (2019). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine student resistance to active learning. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(1–2), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1438988
- Shi, Y., Tong, M., & Long, T. (2021). Investigating relationships among blended synchronous learning environments, students’ motivation, and cognitive engagement: A mixed methods study. Computers & Education, 168, 104193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104193
- Steenbergen-Hu, S., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Calvert, E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Current Interventions to Reverse the Underachievement of Gifted Students: Findings of a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Gifted Child Quarterly, 64(2), 132–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986220908601
- Vega, N. De, Basri, M., & Nur, S. (2025). Exposing tech skills shaping mobile learning in cross-disciplinary English learners. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(2), 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i2.21351
References
Agust, D., & Shanahan, T. (2017). Developing Literacy in Second-Language Learners (D. August & T. Shanahan, Eds.; 1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315094922
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Walker, D. A. (2014). Introduction to Research in Education (Ninth Edit). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Cen, L., Ruta, D., Al Qassem, L. M. M. S., & Ng, J. (2020). Augmented Immersive Reality (AIR) for Improved Learning Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 13(2), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2019.2937525
Dervin, F., Moloney, R., & Simpson, A. (2020). Intercultural competence in the work of teachers : confronting ideologies and practices. Routledge.
Fan, M., Antle, A. N., & Warren, J. L. (2020). Augmented Reality for Early Language Learning: A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Application Design, Instructional Strategies, and Evaluation Outcomes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(6), 1059–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120927489
Gaikwad, P., & Mulay, Mrs. N. (2024b). Study of Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality Technology in Education System. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 08(09), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM37623
Halkias, D., Neubert, M., Thurman, P. W., & Harkiolakis, N. (2022). The Multiple Case Study Design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003244936
Herlandy, P., Azim, F., & Majid, N. (2020). The effectiveness of Augmented Reality based Learning on Vocational Competencies of Vocational School Students. Edumatic: Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika, 4(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.29408/edumatic.v4i2.2653
Kim, S., Raza, M., & Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214
Kulal, A., N, A., & Dinesh, S. (2025). Online peer interactions and student motivation: a perception study. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2477756
Li, P., & Lan, Y.-J. (2022). Digital Language Learning (DLL): Insights from Behavior, Cognition, and the Brain. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(3), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000353
Liu, K., & Dr. Erna A. Lahoz. (2024). Impact of Learning Styles on Students’ Retention of Information. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 17(1), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.54097/0qpvve72
Marrahi-Gomez, V., & Belda-Medina, J. (2024). Assessing the effect of Augmented Reality on English language learning and student motivation in secondary education. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1359692
Maxwell, S. E., Delaney, H. D., & Kelley, K. (2017). Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315642956
McGrew, S., Smith, M., Breakstone, J., Ortega, T., & Wineburg, S. (2019). Improving university students’ web savvy: An intervention study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12279
Nassaji, H. (2020). Good qualitative research. Language Teaching Research, 24(4), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820941288
Rabgay, T. (2018). The effect of using cooperative learning method on tenth grade students’ learning achievement and attitude towards biology. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11218a
Rafiqa, S., & De Vega, N. (2025). Collaborative Model in Teaching Linguistics (A Grounded Theory Study at Universitas Borneo Tarakan). Linguistics and ELT Journal, 12(2), 213–225.
Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., & Abdullah, N. A. (2021). An Approach for Scaffolding Students Peer-Learning Self-Regulation Strategy in the Online Component of Blended Learning. IEEE Access, 9, 30721–30738. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3059916
Shekhar, P., Prince, M., Finelli, C., Demonbrun, M., & Waters, C. (2019). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine student resistance to active learning. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(1–2), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1438988
Shi, Y., Tong, M., & Long, T. (2021). Investigating relationships among blended synchronous learning environments, students’ motivation, and cognitive engagement: A mixed methods study. Computers & Education, 168, 104193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104193
Steenbergen-Hu, S., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Calvert, E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Current Interventions to Reverse the Underachievement of Gifted Students: Findings of a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Gifted Child Quarterly, 64(2), 132–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986220908601
Vega, N. De, Basri, M., & Nur, S. (2025). Exposing tech skills shaping mobile learning in cross-disciplinary English learners. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(2), 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i2.21351

